《管子》赏罚思想研究

发布时间：2018-12-30 14:52

【摘要】：《管子》是我国古代的一部重要典籍。该书非管仲自著,且非一人一时之书,而是由后人相继编撰而成。《管子》内容繁杂、包举百家,相当于一部先秦时代的一部小百科全书。书中蕴含着丰富的赏罚思想,它不但对齐国霸政发挥了重要的作用,而且在中国古代赏罚思想发展史上也占有一席之地。本文即从《管子》赏罚思想的成因、内容、特点以及影响等方面对《管子》的赏罚思想进行了较为系统的探讨。具体而言,除绪论外,全文共分四章来论述《管子》的赏罚思想。第一章主要论述了管仲其人和《管子》其书。本文认为中国历史上有一个独立的管仲学派,《管子》则是管仲学派的思想资料的汇编。第二章论述了《管子》赏罚思想的内容。主要分为以下几个方面:《管子》赏罚思想的成因;赏罚可用的依据;赏罚的功用;赏罚的原则。本文主要从思想渊源和时代因素两个方面来论述《管子》赏罚思想是如何形成的。《管子》认为人性好利,故而赏罚可用。关于赏罚的功用,《管子》主要从政治、军事、经济、人才和社会道德以及外交这六个方面来进行阐述的。在赏罚原则方面,《管子》主要从依法赏罚、信赏必罚、赏罚有度、赏罚适时、刑德并用和随时因俗这六个方面来论述的。第三章论述了《管子》赏罚思想的特点。首先,带有浓厚的阴阳五行色彩。《管子》的阴阳五行说,概而言之,主要有两个观点:其一,君主必须按照时节的五行属性在不同季节、月份颁行不同的政令。其二,违背时令而随意施政将会受到上天的惩罚。其次,主张君主要率先遵法。再次,由于《管子》非一人一时之笔,因此在若干问题上观点不尽一致,甚至互相抵牾。例如,在刑罚方面,便有省刑、轻刑与严刑、重刑之别。最后,论述了与“有功必赏,有罪必罚”这种赏罚主张不同的几种特例。主要表现在以下几个方面:不尊令者,虽有功亦罪之;从循名责实的角度,主张功言相当;主张老弱不刑;罪不独及,赏不专予。第四章论述了《管子》赏罚思想的历史影响。主要包括以下几个内容:首先,对当时齐国政治的影响。《管子》不但对齐桓公首霸春秋具有重要影响,还对后来的田齐君主变法图霸发挥了重要的指导作用。其次,对后世治国策略的影响。《管子》的刑德兼施思想经董仲舒等人的改造、发展,最终形成了德主刑辅,礼法兼治的治国策略,且为后世统治者所袭用。再次,对后世政治家、思想家的影响。这其中最为典型的当属韩非和诸葛亮。最后,论述了《管子》赏罚思想在中国古代赏罚思想发展史上的地位。本文认为,研究中国古代赏罚思想史,《管子》是不可逾越的一步。最后,结论部分,总结全文,并简要论述了《管子》赏罚思想的现代价值。
[Abstract]:Guanzi is an important ancient book in China. This book is not written by Guan Zhong, and is not a book written by one person for a while, but is compiled by later generations one after another. The contents of Guanzi are complicated, which is equivalent to a small encyclopedia of the pre-Qin period. The book contains rich thought of reward and punishment, which not only plays an important role in the reign of Qi, but also occupies a place in the history of the development of the thought of reward and punishment in ancient China. This paper makes a systematic discussion on the thought of reward and punishment from the causes, contents, characteristics and effects of the thought of reward and punishment. Specifically, in addition to the introduction, the full text is divided into four chapters to discuss the thought of reward and punishment. The first chapter mainly discusses Guan Zhong's people and Guanzi's book. This paper holds that there is an independent Guan Zhong school in the history of China, and Guanzi is a compilation of the ideological materials of the Guan Zhong school. The second chapter discusses the content of the thought of reward and punishment. It is mainly divided into the following aspects: the cause of formation of the thought of reward and punishment; the basis of the possibility of reward and punishment; the function of reward and punishment; the principle of reward and punishment. This paper mainly discusses how the thought of "Guanzi >" is formed from two aspects: the origin of thought and the factors of the times. "Guanzi" thinks that human nature is good and beneficial, so the reward and punishment can be used. As for the function of reward and punishment, Guanzi is mainly expounded in six aspects: politics, military, economy, talent and social morality, and diplomacy. In the respect of the principle of reward and punishment, Guanzi is mainly discussed from six aspects: reward and punishment according to law, reward and punishment must be punished, rewards and punishments have degree, rewards and punishments are timely, punishment and morality are used and custom is used at any time. The third chapter discusses the characteristics of the thought of reward and punishment. First of all, there are two main points of view: first, the monarch must issue different decrees in different seasons according to the attributes of the five elements of the season. Second, arbitrary administration against time will be punished by heaven. Secondly, advocate that the monarch is the first to abide by the law. Thirdly, due to the fact that "Guanzi" is not a one-man pen, opinions on a number of issues differ or even contradict each other. For example, in the aspect of punishment, there is the difference between light punishment and severe punishment. Finally, it discusses several special cases which are different from "reward for meritorious service and punishment for guilt". Mainly in the following aspects: not respecting orders, although meritorious, but also guilty; from the point of view of the name of the responsibility, the argument is equal; advocate that the old weak not to punish; crime is not exclusive, reward is not exclusively given. The fourth chapter discusses the historical influence of the thought of reward and punishment. The main contents are as follows: first, the influence on the politics of Qi at that time. "Guanzi" not only had an important influence on the reign of Duke Huan of Qi, but also played an important guiding role in the later reform of the Emperor of Tianqi. Secondly, the influence on the strategy of governing the country in later generations. The thought of "punishment and morality" was reformed and developed by Dong Zhongshu and others, and finally formed the strategy of ruling the country by virtue and law as well as by the rule of law, which was used by the rulers of later generations. Thirdly, the influence on the later generation politicians and thinkers. The most typical of them are Han Fei and Zhuge Liang. Finally, the paper discusses the position of the thought of reward and punishment in the history of ancient Chinese thought of reward and punishment. This paper holds that it is an insurmountable step to study the history of the thought of reward and punishment in ancient China. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the full text, and briefly discusses the modern value of the thought of reward and punishment.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B226.1

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