王阳明“乐是心之本体”研究
发布时间：2019-01-06 17:41
【摘要】："乐"这一思想范畴在儒学思想史上源远流长,可谓贯穿着整个儒学发展历程,是儒家思想的基本内容和性格之一,尤其是经过宋儒周敦颐、二程等发挥,而成为儒家思想重要课题。宋儒所常追寻的"孔颜乐处"成为儒家圣贤境界的标志,在二程、朱子等宋儒看来,哲学上的"乐"既不是本体,亦不是功夫,而为"境界",为圣贤德行功夫之"效验"。儒家"乐"思想之面貌至阳明提出"乐是心之本体"而焕然一新,"乐"作为心之本体而获得即未发即已发、即上即下、即体即用的哲学内涵。这即是说"乐"之内涵超出境界、效验,取得了儒学本体论层面之内涵与价值。在儒家哲学史上,这是对传统的"孔颜乐处"的一大突破与超出。"乐是心之本体"融合了理论性与现实性、历史性与时代性、整体性与特殊性,它处于儒家思想线性发展史之中,而更彰显了其非连续性的思想特质。阳明"乐是心之本体"对传统"孔颜乐处"思想之突破与超出之处有其理论依据与现实背景,有其特殊之价值诉求,又是有其微妙的历史渊源与深远影响。从理论依据来说,"乐是心之本体"乃植根于阳明心学土壤之中,它以良知本体论、致良知功夫论、知行合一论为依据;从现实背景来说,程朱之后学在思想继承与修养方法上之僵化使得情与理之关系紧张化,阳明很清晰的看到了这种思想僵局,"乐是心之本体"代表着对情理关系的重新思考在系统的阳明心学里应运而生。"乐"能取得"心之本体"之内涵并非为阳明凭空捏造,在儒学历史长河中,"乐是心之本体"的历史背景支援(生根发芽的土壤与养分)可能比阳明心学还要丰富。自先秦始,在儒家情理结构中对于情感之维之重视是显著而强烈的,儒家思想重情精神及具"乐感"特质是"乐是心之本体"的思想渊源。在思想内涵上,如整个阳明学强烈的实践性特色一样,"乐是心之本体"最基本的内涵是阳明对于己之生命意义与个体价值之真切探寻,是对如何安排感性之维而持守"真己"之回答。阳明之后,泰州一派将"乐"思想推向历史高峰,"乐是心之本体"思想的花苞在泰州学派盛开、变色、枯萎。阳明"乐是心之本体"在儒学"乐"思想史上为至关键之一环,"乐"学思想之内涵因此而大放异彩,"乐是心之本体"开辟了"乐"学新视野、开启了"乐"学思想新潮流。
[Abstract]:The category of "music" has a long history in the history of Confucianism, which runs through the whole development of Confucianism and is one of the basic contents and characters of Confucianism, especially through Zhou Dunyi and two stages of Confucianism. And become an important subject of Confucianism. The Confucian Confucianist's pursuit of "Kong Yan Yue" has become the symbol of Confucian saints and sages. In the second stage, Zhu Zi and other Song Confucians thought that "music" in philosophy was neither the body nor the kung fu, but the "realm" and the "effect" of the saints' virtue and the martial arts. The outlook of the Confucian thought of "music" has been renewed since Yang Ming proposed that "music is the Noumenon of the mind", and "Music" as the Noumenon of the mind has already been obtained, that is, the philosophical connotation of "the upper is the lower, that is, the body is used." This is to say that the connotation of music goes beyond the realm, and obtains the connotation and value of Confucian ontology. In the history of Confucian philosophy, this is a breakthrough and transcendence of the traditional "Kong Yan-Yue place". " Music is the Noumenon of mind, which combines theory and reality, history and times, integrity and particularity. It is in the history of linear development of Confucian thought, and shows its discontinuous ideological characteristics. Yangming's "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" has its theoretical basis and realistic background, its special value demand, and its subtle historical origin and far-reaching influence on the breakthrough and transcendence of the traditional thought of "Kong Yan Le place". From the theoretical basis, "Music is the Noumenon of the mind" is rooted in the soil of Yangming's study of the mind, which is based on the ontology of conscience, the theory of kung fu to conscience, and the theory of unity of knowledge and practice. From the perspective of reality, Cheng Zhu's inflexibility in the methods of ideological inheritance and cultivation made the relationship between emotion and reason tense. Yangming clearly saw this kind of ideological deadlock. "Music is the Noumenon of the mind" represents a rethinking of the relationship between reason and reason. In the long history of Confucianism, the historical background support of "music is the Noumenon of the mind" (the soil and nutrients of rooting and germination) may be richer than Yangming's. Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, the attention to the dimension of emotion has been obvious and strong in the structure of Confucian reason, and the Confucian thought of attaching importance to the spirit of emotion and having the characteristic of "feeling of music" is the ideological origin of "music is the essence of the heart". In terms of ideological connotation, like the strong practical characteristics of the whole Yangming study, the most basic connotation of "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" is the true exploration of Yangming's meaning of life and individual value. It is the answer to how to arrange the perceptual dimension and stick to the true self. After Yangming, Taizhou school pushed the "Yue" thought to the historical peak, and the flower bud of "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" bloomed in Taizhou School, changed color and withered. Yangming's "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" is one of the key links in the history of Confucianism's "Music", so the connotation of the "Music" thought is brilliant, "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" has opened up a new field of vision of the study of "Music" and opened up a new trend of the thought of "Music".
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B248.2
本文编号：2403115
[Abstract]:The category of "music" has a long history in the history of Confucianism, which runs through the whole development of Confucianism and is one of the basic contents and characters of Confucianism, especially through Zhou Dunyi and two stages of Confucianism. And become an important subject of Confucianism. The Confucian Confucianist's pursuit of "Kong Yan Yue" has become the symbol of Confucian saints and sages. In the second stage, Zhu Zi and other Song Confucians thought that "music" in philosophy was neither the body nor the kung fu, but the "realm" and the "effect" of the saints' virtue and the martial arts. The outlook of the Confucian thought of "music" has been renewed since Yang Ming proposed that "music is the Noumenon of the mind", and "Music" as the Noumenon of the mind has already been obtained, that is, the philosophical connotation of "the upper is the lower, that is, the body is used." This is to say that the connotation of music goes beyond the realm, and obtains the connotation and value of Confucian ontology. In the history of Confucian philosophy, this is a breakthrough and transcendence of the traditional "Kong Yan-Yue place". " Music is the Noumenon of mind, which combines theory and reality, history and times, integrity and particularity. It is in the history of linear development of Confucian thought, and shows its discontinuous ideological characteristics. Yangming's "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" has its theoretical basis and realistic background, its special value demand, and its subtle historical origin and far-reaching influence on the breakthrough and transcendence of the traditional thought of "Kong Yan Le place". From the theoretical basis, "Music is the Noumenon of the mind" is rooted in the soil of Yangming's study of the mind, which is based on the ontology of conscience, the theory of kung fu to conscience, and the theory of unity of knowledge and practice. From the perspective of reality, Cheng Zhu's inflexibility in the methods of ideological inheritance and cultivation made the relationship between emotion and reason tense. Yangming clearly saw this kind of ideological deadlock. "Music is the Noumenon of the mind" represents a rethinking of the relationship between reason and reason. In the long history of Confucianism, the historical background support of "music is the Noumenon of the mind" (the soil and nutrients of rooting and germination) may be richer than Yangming's. Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, the attention to the dimension of emotion has been obvious and strong in the structure of Confucian reason, and the Confucian thought of attaching importance to the spirit of emotion and having the characteristic of "feeling of music" is the ideological origin of "music is the essence of the heart". In terms of ideological connotation, like the strong practical characteristics of the whole Yangming study, the most basic connotation of "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" is the true exploration of Yangming's meaning of life and individual value. It is the answer to how to arrange the perceptual dimension and stick to the true self. After Yangming, Taizhou school pushed the "Yue" thought to the historical peak, and the flower bud of "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" bloomed in Taizhou School, changed color and withered. Yangming's "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" is one of the key links in the history of Confucianism's "Music", so the connotation of the "Music" thought is brilliant, "Music is the Noumenon of the Heart" has opened up a new field of vision of the study of "Music" and opened up a new trend of the thought of "Music".
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B248.2
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