孟、庄“为官之道”比较研究

发布时间：2019-01-26 17:23

【摘要】：自古以来,我国就十分重视国家公职人员的道德建设问题,通过制定各种规则来约束官员的言行,近些年来,反腐倡廉的力度更是逐渐加强。实际上,“官德”一词并不是最近才提出来的,早在中国古代,思想家们就形成了他们各自对为官之道的理解,其中包括我们所熟知的“为政以德”和“民贵君轻”思想。我们所要研究的孟子和庄子都是生活在战国群雄争霸的社会大环境下,通过自身的体悟或正面或侧面地表达出了自己对为官之道的独特看法,不仅如此,这更是他们对为人之德的理想追求。本文试图先通过引述孔子、老子两位圣人的官德思想,从继承与发展的角度来分析孟子与庄子的为官之道,其中,在对孟、庄思想进行研究时,由其自身思想的内涵出发,通过他们对个人道德观的表述及对理想人格的追求过渡到他们对官员道德思想建设的见解,提炼出孟子和庄子的官德思想,具有创造性和启发性。孟子在继承孔子思想的基础上,融汇了战国时期的时代背景,多数是从正面给予当权者激励或批评,以求让诸侯国君和士大夫们体悟到人民的重要性,使其在施政过程中清廉公正。庄子在继承了老子思想的基础上,结合其思想精华中的游世思想,更进一步从寓言和讥讽中侧面抨击时政,实际上,庄子的不耻为官和反向思维恰恰体现了其深层的官德思想。孟子和庄子分别代表着儒道两家不同的政治思想,对社会问题的解决有各自的实现途径,他们所代表的利益群体也有很大的差异,但他们对为官之道的本质理解又具有相通之处,儒道两家“内圣外王”的思想内涵无不体现着相互的融会贯通。本文通过研究先哲的政治思想,从以儒道为主体的中国传统文化中吸收有益成分,启发当今官员形成清廉、公正、无私、奉献的精神;同时,从为官之道角度来比较孟庄思想,也是为孟庄思想赋予时代特色。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, our country has attached great importance to the moral construction of national public officials, through the formulation of various rules to restrain officials' words and deeds, in recent years, anti-corruption efforts are gradually strengthened. In fact, the term "official virtue" was not only put forward recently. As early as in ancient China, thinkers formed their own understanding of the way of being an official, including the thought of "to govern by virtue" and "to govern by virtue". The Mencius and Zhuangzi we are going to study are both living in the great social environment of the warring States period, fighting for hegemony. They have expressed their unique views on the road of becoming an official through their own understanding or positive or lateral expression, not only that. This is their ideal pursuit of morality. This paper attempts to analyze Mencius and Zhuangzi's way of becoming an official from the angle of inheritance and development by quoting the official moral thoughts of Confucius and Laozi. Among them, when studying the thoughts of Mencius and Zhuang, it starts from the connotation of their own thoughts. Through their expression of personal morality and the pursuit of ideal personality to their views on the construction of officials' moral thought, the author abstracts Mencius and Zhuangzi's official moral thought, which is creative and enlightening. On the basis of inheriting Confucius thought, Mencius fused the background of the warring States period. Most of them gave positive encouragement or criticism to those in power in order to make the princes and literati realize the importance of the people. Make it clean and fair in the process of administration. On the basis of inheriting Laozi's thought, combined with his thought of traveling the world in the essence of his thought, Zhuangzi further criticized the current politics from the side of fable and sarcasm. In fact, Zhuangzi's unashamed and reverse thinking just reflected his deep thought of official morality. Mencius and Zhuangzi represent two different political thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism respectively. They have their own ways to solve social problems, and the interest groups they represent are also very different. However, their understanding of the essence of the principle of being an official is similar, and the ideological connotations of the Confucian and Taoist "internal, holy and external kings" embody mutual understanding. By studying the political thoughts of the sages, this paper absorbs beneficial elements from the traditional Chinese culture with Confucianism and Taoism as the main body, and enlightens the officials to form the spirit of honesty, fairness, selflessness and dedication. At the same time, the comparison of Menzhuang's thought from the angle of being an official also endows Mengzhuang's thought with the characteristics of the times.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B222.5;B223.5

【共引文献】