海德格尔存在论的时间问题研究
发布时间：2019-03-25 14:59
【摘要】：在西方哲学史上,时间的研究几乎和存在论一样源远流长。从古希腊到康德,从柏格森到狄尔泰,哲学家将时间问题纳入宇宙探索到人的本质反思等多个层面,逐渐建构出一条贯穿西方哲学史对于时间进行感知与探讨的较为完整的线索。“时间”作为反思西方哲学史中的一个关键词,对时间的探讨总是包涵着人的自我认知以及探究周围世界的努力。但是,在西方哲学传统中,存在与时间几乎是两个互不相关的概念,海德格尔却坚信,哲学要真正把存在作为存在本身来思考,就必须从时间问题着手。虽然西方哲学史上的主线,向来就是关于存在的言说、研究存在的学问,但海德格尔认为,从柏拉图、亚里士多德直到黑格尔的传统形而上学有一个根本性错误,那就是在没有了解存在物究竟怎样在以前就肯定了它们的在,以对在者的研究代替了对在本身的研究。而在海德格尔看来,在和在者有着严格的区别,一切在者首先必须在,才能成为现实的在者。本文立足于海德格尔存在论的立场,尝试着从海德格尔时间的本质、特点和意义出发,通过与以往哲学家的时间观作对比,从而对海德格尔的时间观进行阐释。概括而言,本文分为五大部分。具体来讲,各部分主要内容如下:第一部分为绪论部分,这一部分就本论文的选题的缘由及意义、国内外研究现状等方面从总体上进行了简要介绍;第二部分,梳理海德格尔之前西方哲学家对于时间的研究状况,逐渐描画西方哲学史中的时间观的线索,从而廓清不同历史时段的时间观及核心范畴,指出了在各个阶段时间问题呈现出的不同特点,描摹出各种时间观念遇到的困境及需要解决的问题;第三部分,将从海德格尔时间观产生的背景、海氏对流俗时间观的批判和对胡塞尔时间观的扬弃来追溯海德格尔时间观的渊源;第四部分,分别从时间的本质、特点及意义来阐述海德格尔存在论中的时间观;第五部分,为海德格尔时间观的评析,分析其影响与局限性,客观看待其时间观。海德格尔的时间观极其深刻地把握了人的这一存在根基,对于我们理解自身之所是有着非常重要的启示意义的。他的时间观既不是亚里士多德的作为均匀流逝的事关事物运动的物理学时间观,也不是康德的作为认识的先天条件的感性直观形式的认识论意义上的时间观,而是存在论意义上的时间观。
[Abstract]:In the history of western philosophy, the study of time is almost as long as existentialism. From ancient Greece to Kant, from Bergson to Dilthey, philosophers incorporated the question of time into the exploration of the universe to reflect on the essence of man, and so on. Gradually construct a more complete clue to the perception and discussion of time through the history of western philosophy. As a key word to reflect on the history of western philosophy, the discussion of time always involves the self-cognition and the efforts to explore the surrounding world. However, in the tradition of western philosophy, existence and time are almost two independent concepts, but Heidegger firmly believes that if philosophy really considers existence as being itself, it must start with the question of time. Although the main line in the history of western philosophy has always been the theory of existence and the study of existence, Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental mistake in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel, but Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental error in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel. That is to say, the study of the being replaces the study of the being with the study of the being, in the absence of an understanding of how the being really existed before they were confirmed. In Heidegger's view, there is a strict difference between the present and the in-being, and all the in-being must first be in order to become the reality of the in-presence. Based on Heidegger's existential theory, this paper attempts to explain Heidegger's view of time by comparing it with the former philosophers' view of time, starting from the nature, characteristics and significance of Heidegger's time. Generally speaking, this paper is divided into five parts. Specifically, the main contents of each part are as follows: the first part is the introduction part, this part gives a brief introduction to the reasons and significance of this paper, the current research situation at home and abroad and so on. The second part is to sort out the research status of the western philosophers on time before Heidegger, and gradually draw the clues of the time view in the history of western philosophy, so as to clear up the time view and the core category of different historical periods. This paper points out the different characteristics of the time problem in each stage, describes the difficulties encountered by various time concepts and the problems that need to be solved. The third part will trace the origin of Heidegger's time view from the background of Heidegger's time view, Heidegger's criticism of vulgar time view and the sublation of Husserl's time view. The fourth part expounds Heidegger's view of time in his existentialism from the nature, characteristics and significance of time; the fifth part is the analysis of Heidegger's view of time, analyzes its influence and limitation, and looks upon it objectively. Heidegger's view of time has a profound grasp of the foundation of human existence, and it is very important for us to understand what we are. His view of time is neither Aristotle's view of time in physics, which concerns the movement of things as a uniform passage, nor Kant's view of time in the epistemological sense of perceptual and intuitive form as the innate condition of cognition. It is an existential view of time.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.54
本文编号：2447076
[Abstract]:In the history of western philosophy, the study of time is almost as long as existentialism. From ancient Greece to Kant, from Bergson to Dilthey, philosophers incorporated the question of time into the exploration of the universe to reflect on the essence of man, and so on. Gradually construct a more complete clue to the perception and discussion of time through the history of western philosophy. As a key word to reflect on the history of western philosophy, the discussion of time always involves the self-cognition and the efforts to explore the surrounding world. However, in the tradition of western philosophy, existence and time are almost two independent concepts, but Heidegger firmly believes that if philosophy really considers existence as being itself, it must start with the question of time. Although the main line in the history of western philosophy has always been the theory of existence and the study of existence, Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental mistake in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel, but Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental error in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel. That is to say, the study of the being replaces the study of the being with the study of the being, in the absence of an understanding of how the being really existed before they were confirmed. In Heidegger's view, there is a strict difference between the present and the in-being, and all the in-being must first be in order to become the reality of the in-presence. Based on Heidegger's existential theory, this paper attempts to explain Heidegger's view of time by comparing it with the former philosophers' view of time, starting from the nature, characteristics and significance of Heidegger's time. Generally speaking, this paper is divided into five parts. Specifically, the main contents of each part are as follows: the first part is the introduction part, this part gives a brief introduction to the reasons and significance of this paper, the current research situation at home and abroad and so on. The second part is to sort out the research status of the western philosophers on time before Heidegger, and gradually draw the clues of the time view in the history of western philosophy, so as to clear up the time view and the core category of different historical periods. This paper points out the different characteristics of the time problem in each stage, describes the difficulties encountered by various time concepts and the problems that need to be solved. The third part will trace the origin of Heidegger's time view from the background of Heidegger's time view, Heidegger's criticism of vulgar time view and the sublation of Husserl's time view. The fourth part expounds Heidegger's view of time in his existentialism from the nature, characteristics and significance of time; the fifth part is the analysis of Heidegger's view of time, analyzes its influence and limitation, and looks upon it objectively. Heidegger's view of time has a profound grasp of the foundation of human existence, and it is very important for us to understand what we are. His view of time is neither Aristotle's view of time in physics, which concerns the movement of things as a uniform passage, nor Kant's view of time in the epistemological sense of perceptual and intuitive form as the innate condition of cognition. It is an existential view of time.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.54
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