德行与秩序的张力——论传统纲常思想的逻辑演变

发布时间：2019-03-27 13:05

【摘要】：传统纲常思想的演变存在一条线索,即德行与秩序之间的互为主次关系。"纲"为秩序,"常"为德行,对于两者之间的关系,早期儒家认同在德行基础上形成的差等秩序,注重用德行来约束人伦关系,君臣、父子、夫妇各有职分,其关系乃是双向的,而非片面的无条件服从。而后则是倾向以加强势力来统一思想,达成社会共识,稳定社会秩序,注重用人伦秩序的规范来成就德行。德行基础上的人伦关系在政治实践中会显得松散而脆弱,不足以实现稳定的社会秩序;而完全用"三纲"思想保障权威以达成统一秩序,又会压抑社会与人性。"纲常"思想需要将"三纲"和"五常"牵连在一起,互相制衡,使两者不至于各走极端。只有在此意义上,"三纲五常"思想才是具有历史进步和现代价值的,才能重建传统文化的核心价值体系。
[Abstract]:There is a clue to the evolution of traditional principles and norms, that is, the relationship between morality and order is the primary and secondary relationship. " For the relationship between the two, the early Confucian identity on the basis of virtue formed on the basis of the poor order, pay attention to the use of virtue to restrain the relationship between people, monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife have their respective posts, the relationship between the two, as to the relationship between the two, the early Confucian identity formed on the basis of virtue, such as order, The relationship is two-way, not one-sided unconditional obedience. Then, we tend to unify thought by strengthening power, reach social consensus, stabilize social order, pay attention to the norms of human relations to achieve virtue. The relationship of human relations based on virtue will appear loose and fragile in political practice, and it will not be enough to achieve a stable social order, and the complete use of "three dimensions" to guarantee authority in order to achieve a unified order will suppress society and humanity. " In order to avoid extremes, the three principles and the five permanent principles should be linked together to check and balance each other in order to prevent the two from going to extremes. Only in this sense can the thought of "three principles and five permanent" have historical progress and modern value and rebuild the core value system of traditional culture.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B222

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