王阳明心性论探究

发布时间：2019-05-16 18:39

【摘要】：王阳明的心性思想是儒学中极具代表性的。王阳明所处的时代是中国哲学史上儒释道三家不断冲突又不断融合的时代，王阳明早年更是“出入佛老”，因此，其思想必然会有三家的影子。从王阳明心性思想的形成过程来看，，他对儒释道三家的心性思想既有继承又有批判，但其基本立足点是儒学。王阳明通过对心与性的内涵，及其基本关系的论述，突出心的主体地位，继承和发展了陆九渊的心本论思想，对“心即理”的观点进行了全面而系统的论述。龙场悟道以后，王阳明倡导良知说，良知说是王阳明心性论的核心思想。王阳明的良知说是对孟子的良知说的继承和发展，他分别从本体论，道德论以及认识论等层面对良知的内涵进行了不同层次的论述。王阳明认为，良知是追求内圣的根本，要求在实际当中去实践良知的基本理念。由此，他提出知行合一、为善去恶和诚意的方法，来达到致良知的目的。王阳明的心性论思想在继承儒学心性思想的同时又对儒学内部理论进行了发展和完善，同时也影响了后世学者。特别是他心性论当中重视人的主体性和强调人的自觉性的特点为明末清初知识分子寻求人的解放和人权的思潮提供了重要依据，其影响非常深远。旷世大儒王阳明以他文治武功的一生为人们树立了古代知识分子追求修身齐家治国平天下的理想典范，是中国历史上当之无愧的圣贤。他的思想深刻地影响着明朝中后期思想的走向，而且还波及海外，对东亚、东南亚文化起着深刻的影响。
[Abstract]:Wang Yangming's thought of mind is very representative in Confucianism. Wang Yangming lived in an era of constant conflict and fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the history of Chinese philosophy. Wang Yangming was "going in and out of Buddhism and the old" in his early years. Therefore, his thought is bound to have the shadow of three schools. From the formation process of Wang Yangming's mind thought, he inherits and criticizes the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but his basic foothold is Confucianism. Through the discussion of the connotation of mind and nature and its basic relationship, Wang Yangming highlights the subject position of heart, inherits and develops Lu Jiuyuan's thought of heart-oriented theory, and makes a comprehensive and systematic discussion on the viewpoint of "heart is reason". After Longchang understood Tao, Wang Yangming advocated conscience theory, conscience theory is Wang Yangming's core thought of mind nature theory. Wang Yangming's theory of conscience is the inheritance and development of Mencius' theory of conscience. He discusses the connotation of conscience at different levels from the aspects of ontology, morality and epistemology. Wang Yangming believes that conscience is the foundation of the pursuit of inner sanctity and requires the practice of the basic concept of conscience in practice. Therefore, he put forward the method of combining knowledge and practice, for the sake of good, evil and sincerity, to achieve the purpose of conscience. Wang Yangming's theory of mind not only inherits the thought of Confucian mind, but also develops and perfects the internal theory of Confucianism, and also affects later scholars. In particular, the characteristics of attaching importance to human subjectivity and emphasizing human consciousness in his theory of mind and nature provided an important basis for intellectuals to seek human liberation and human rights in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and their influence was very far-reaching. Wang Yangming, a great Confucianism in the world, set up an ideal model for ancient intellectuals to pursue the pursuit of self-cultivation and rule the country and the world, and was a well-deserved sage in Chinese history. His thought deeply influenced the trend of the thought in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and also spread overseas, and had a profound influence on the culture of East Asia and Southeast Asia.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B248.2

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