近代白话文运动与马克思主义中国化研究
发布时间：2019-06-12 18:00
【摘要】：二十世纪初的中国，封建迟暮。要打破政治、外交、经济、社会等方面的困厄局面，中国必须经历从封建向近代的转型。在传统的语言使用习惯上，中国流行的是“文白二元体系”，即白话文与文言文不相融通，其使用主体分属不同的群体。这构成了农业文明的专制等级社会所需要的语言使用规则。 在这个意义上，中国近代以胡适为代表所发起的“白话文运动”，对民族文化由农业文明向工业文明转型发挥了奠基作用。这具体表现为：其一，主流语言的“白话文”化，解构了统治精英对于主流文化价值话语权的垄断，导致了生活意义的世俗化。其二，主流语言的“白话文”化，打破了统治精英阻隔新思想产生与传播的语言困厄，为近代启蒙创造了条件。其三，主流语言的“白话文”化，动摇了统治精英垄断公共权力与利益的政治格局，为建构现代民主政治提供了可能性。 中国近代化的历程中，在经历“变器”、“变政”、“变教”的曲折探索后，中国的现代性价值的主流取向开始折入社会主义。究其本根，马克思主义自诞生之时起，其视界就是基于广大底层群众的，这顺应了中国历史发展的趋势。马克思主义理论符合建设富有主权的现代民族国家与确立主张工业文明价值的现代人权这一中国人民的最大利益诉求。 白话文运动无疑对马克思主义在中国的引入、传播和指导革命实践起到了举足轻重作用。具体看来：其一，白话文打破“文白二元体系”所带来的真理垄断后，也促进了马克思主义由书斋化的论述，转向群众语言的论述，从而使得大众言语能够掌握马克思主义中国化的话语权。其二，白话文成为马克思主义大众化的符号系统，它给中国人民带来的沟通和思维上的革命，，不仅为普通民众倾听马克思的教诲带来了便利，还能促进普通民众与马克思主义的对话，为马克思主义的传播普及创造条件。其三，信仰马克思主义的知识分子使用白话文的学术语言来解释社会主义实践的现实问题，为人民参与马克思主义的历史实践、争取自身利益提供可能性。 语言和文字作为重要的文明要素无疑影响着文明本身的走向。毋庸置疑，中国的白话文运动是中国近代化进程中浓墨重彩的一笔。
[Abstract]:In China at the beginning of the twentieth century, feudalism was late. In order to break the difficult situation of politics, diplomacy, economy, society and so on, China must go through the transformation from feudalism to modern times. In the traditional language use habit, what is popular in China is the "dual system of vernacular and white", that is, vernacular text is not integrated with classical Chinese, and the main body of its use belongs to different groups. This constitutes the rules of language use required by the autocratic hierarchical society of agricultural civilization. In this sense, the vernacular movement, represented by Hu Shi, played a fundamental role in the transformation of national culture from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. The concrete performance is as follows: first, the "vernacular" of the mainstream language deconstructs the monopoly of the ruling elite on the mainstream cultural value discourse power, which leads to the secularization of the meaning of life. Second, the vernacular language of the mainstream language broke the language dilemma of the ruling elite, which blocked the emergence and dissemination of new ideas, and created conditions for the enlightenment of modern times. Third, the vernacular writing of the mainstream language has shaken the political pattern of ruling elites monopolizing public power and interests, and provided the possibility for the construction of modern democratic politics. In the course of China's modernization, after the tortuous exploration of "changing instrument", "changing politics" and "changing education", the mainstream orientation of Chinese modern value began to turn into socialism. Since its birth, Marxism has been based on the masses at the bottom, which conforms to the trend of the development of Chinese history. Marxist theory accords with the best interests of the Chinese people in building a sovereign modern nation-state and establishing modern human rights that advocate the value of industrial civilization. The vernacular movement undoubtedly played an important role in the introduction of Marxism in China, the dissemination and guidance of revolutionary practice. In particular, after breaking the monopoly of truth brought about by the dualistic system of Wen and Bai, vernacular text also promotes the shift of Marxism from the discourse of Shuzhai to the discussion of mass language, so that mass speech can master the right of speech of Marxism in China. Second, vernacular text has become a symbol system for the popularization of Marxism. The revolution in communication and thinking brought to the Chinese people not only brings convenience for ordinary people to listen to Marx's teachings, but also promotes the dialogue between ordinary people and Marxism, and creates conditions for the spread and popularization of Marxism. Third, intellectuals who believe in Marxism use the academic language of vernacular to explain the practical problems of socialist practice, so as to provide the possibility for the people to participate in the historical practice of Marxism and strive for their own interests. Language and writing, as important elements of civilization, undoubtedly affect the trend of civilization itself. There is no doubt that the vernacular movement in China is a heavy ink in the process of modernization in China.
【学位授予单位】：中共浙江省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B27;D61
本文编号：2498199
[Abstract]:In China at the beginning of the twentieth century, feudalism was late. In order to break the difficult situation of politics, diplomacy, economy, society and so on, China must go through the transformation from feudalism to modern times. In the traditional language use habit, what is popular in China is the "dual system of vernacular and white", that is, vernacular text is not integrated with classical Chinese, and the main body of its use belongs to different groups. This constitutes the rules of language use required by the autocratic hierarchical society of agricultural civilization. In this sense, the vernacular movement, represented by Hu Shi, played a fundamental role in the transformation of national culture from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. The concrete performance is as follows: first, the "vernacular" of the mainstream language deconstructs the monopoly of the ruling elite on the mainstream cultural value discourse power, which leads to the secularization of the meaning of life. Second, the vernacular language of the mainstream language broke the language dilemma of the ruling elite, which blocked the emergence and dissemination of new ideas, and created conditions for the enlightenment of modern times. Third, the vernacular writing of the mainstream language has shaken the political pattern of ruling elites monopolizing public power and interests, and provided the possibility for the construction of modern democratic politics. In the course of China's modernization, after the tortuous exploration of "changing instrument", "changing politics" and "changing education", the mainstream orientation of Chinese modern value began to turn into socialism. Since its birth, Marxism has been based on the masses at the bottom, which conforms to the trend of the development of Chinese history. Marxist theory accords with the best interests of the Chinese people in building a sovereign modern nation-state and establishing modern human rights that advocate the value of industrial civilization. The vernacular movement undoubtedly played an important role in the introduction of Marxism in China, the dissemination and guidance of revolutionary practice. In particular, after breaking the monopoly of truth brought about by the dualistic system of Wen and Bai, vernacular text also promotes the shift of Marxism from the discourse of Shuzhai to the discussion of mass language, so that mass speech can master the right of speech of Marxism in China. Second, vernacular text has become a symbol system for the popularization of Marxism. The revolution in communication and thinking brought to the Chinese people not only brings convenience for ordinary people to listen to Marx's teachings, but also promotes the dialogue between ordinary people and Marxism, and creates conditions for the spread and popularization of Marxism. Third, intellectuals who believe in Marxism use the academic language of vernacular to explain the practical problems of socialist practice, so as to provide the possibility for the people to participate in the historical practice of Marxism and strive for their own interests. Language and writing, as important elements of civilization, undoubtedly affect the trend of civilization itself. There is no doubt that the vernacular movement in China is a heavy ink in the process of modernization in China.
【学位授予单位】：中共浙江省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B27;D61
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