别尔嘉耶夫的个体人格思想研究
发布时间：2019-06-17 11:34
【摘要】：尼古拉·别尔嘉耶夫是20世纪最有影响的俄罗斯思想家,是俄罗斯著名的存在主义思想家、哲学家和宗教学家。由于他的思想尤其是早期思想受到马克思主义的影响,他自称自己的哲学中有马克思主义哲学的酵母,他的理论是“人格主义的社会主义”。个体人格思想是别尔嘉耶夫理论的核心内容,他试图通过对个体人格的强调将存在主义与社会主义、宗教式的精神超越与人的自由解放结合起来,建构“自由精神的哲学”。他主张拒斥社会,摆脱奴役,实现人的尊严和自由,建立一个人格健全、个性独立、精神自由的社会。别尔嘉耶夫终其一生都在关注人的命运以及人的生存问题,试图揭示人的存在意义与奥秘。他希望借助宗教信仰的力量,通过改变人的内心世界,实现人的精神超升,获得独立的个体人格,并在此基础上,达到人的自由和对现实世界的改造,寻找一条走出人的生存困境、实现人的精神自由和解放的道路。本文以别尔嘉耶夫的个体人格思想为研究对象,从不同侧面较为系统和全面地分析了他的个体人格思想。具体包括以下内容:首先,分析了别尔嘉耶夫个体人格思想的现实基础及理论渊源。别尔嘉耶夫的个体人格思想从俄国宗教哲学中产生而来,是综合了对人的哲学思考与内心的宗教信仰两者的产物。它既受到俄罗斯革命的冲击、两次世界大战的磨难以及俄罗斯精神文化复兴等现实基础带来的影响,又受到俄罗斯宗教哲学、存在主义哲学以及马克思主义哲学的影响;其次,文章阐述其个体人格思想的基本内容。别尔嘉耶夫的个体人格理论从根本上来说是对人性、人的本质的揭示,同时也体现了他的基本人学理念和人学立场。别尔嘉耶夫的个体人格思想是一个较为系统全面的理论体系:把个体人格看成是新秩序到来的启蒙者、是完整的共相和多样性的统一,把独立和自由当成是个体人格的核心,并且通过反客体化之路和主体超越之路来实现个体人格。最后,揭示了他的个体人格思想的马克思主义意蕴以及对我国公民人格建构的启示。总的来说,别尔嘉耶夫的个体人格思想无论是对于推进人道主义理论研究,还是对现实的理论反思都具有重要的理论意义和价值。
[Abstract]:Nicola Bierga is the most influential Russian thinker in the 20th century, and is a well-known existentialist thinker, philosopher and patriarch of Russia. Because of his thought, especially the influence of the early thought on the Marxism, he professed to be the yeast of the Marxist philosophy in his philosophy, and his theory is the "the socialism of personality". The individual personality thought is the core of the theory of Bieljiayev, and he tries to construct the "the philosophy of free spirit" by combining the existentialism with the socialism and the religious spirit beyond the free liberation of the human beings through the emphasis on the individual's personality. He advocated the rejection of the society, the elimination of slavery, the realization of human dignity and freedom, the establishment of a society with a sound personality, an independent and spiritual freedom. In his whole life, Bergayev is concerned about the fate of the man and the problem of human existence, and tries to reveal the meaning and the mystery of the human being. He hoped that by means of the power of religious belief, by changing the inner world of the person, the spirit of the person was increased, the individual personality was obtained, and on the basis of that, the human freedom and the transformation of the real world were achieved, and a dilemma for the survival of the person was found. The way to realize the spiritual freedom and liberation of people. In this paper, the individual personality thought of Bergayev is the object of the study, and his individual personality thoughts are systematically and comprehensively analyzed from different sides. The paper includes the following contents: first, the realistic basis and the theoretical origin of the individual personality thought of Bergayev are analyzed. The individual personality thought of Bergayev is derived from the Russian religious philosophy, and is the product of the combination of the philosophical thinking of the human and the inner religious belief. It is not only influenced by the impact of the Russian revolution, the tribulations of the two world wars, and the revival of the Russian spiritual and cultural revival, but also the influence of the Russian religious philosophy, the existentialist philosophy and the Marxist philosophy; and secondly, The article expounds the basic content of the individual's personality thought. The individual personality theory of Bergayev is fundamentally the revelation of human nature and human nature, and also reflects his basic human theory and human's position. The individual personality thought of Bergayev is a systematic and comprehensive theoretical system: the individual personality is regarded as the beginning of the new order, it is the unity of the complete common phase and the diversity, and the independence and freedom are regarded as the core of the individual's personality. And the individual personality is realized through the road of anti-customization and the path of the main body. Finally, the author reveals the Marxist implication of his individual personality and its enlightenment to the construction of Chinese citizen's personality. In general, the individual personality thought of Bergayev is of great theoretical significance and value to promote the research of the humanitarian theory or to reflect on the theoretical reflection of the reality.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B038
本文编号：2500953
[Abstract]:Nicola Bierga is the most influential Russian thinker in the 20th century, and is a well-known existentialist thinker, philosopher and patriarch of Russia. Because of his thought, especially the influence of the early thought on the Marxism, he professed to be the yeast of the Marxist philosophy in his philosophy, and his theory is the "the socialism of personality". The individual personality thought is the core of the theory of Bieljiayev, and he tries to construct the "the philosophy of free spirit" by combining the existentialism with the socialism and the religious spirit beyond the free liberation of the human beings through the emphasis on the individual's personality. He advocated the rejection of the society, the elimination of slavery, the realization of human dignity and freedom, the establishment of a society with a sound personality, an independent and spiritual freedom. In his whole life, Bergayev is concerned about the fate of the man and the problem of human existence, and tries to reveal the meaning and the mystery of the human being. He hoped that by means of the power of religious belief, by changing the inner world of the person, the spirit of the person was increased, the individual personality was obtained, and on the basis of that, the human freedom and the transformation of the real world were achieved, and a dilemma for the survival of the person was found. The way to realize the spiritual freedom and liberation of people. In this paper, the individual personality thought of Bergayev is the object of the study, and his individual personality thoughts are systematically and comprehensively analyzed from different sides. The paper includes the following contents: first, the realistic basis and the theoretical origin of the individual personality thought of Bergayev are analyzed. The individual personality thought of Bergayev is derived from the Russian religious philosophy, and is the product of the combination of the philosophical thinking of the human and the inner religious belief. It is not only influenced by the impact of the Russian revolution, the tribulations of the two world wars, and the revival of the Russian spiritual and cultural revival, but also the influence of the Russian religious philosophy, the existentialist philosophy and the Marxist philosophy; and secondly, The article expounds the basic content of the individual's personality thought. The individual personality theory of Bergayev is fundamentally the revelation of human nature and human nature, and also reflects his basic human theory and human's position. The individual personality thought of Bergayev is a systematic and comprehensive theoretical system: the individual personality is regarded as the beginning of the new order, it is the unity of the complete common phase and the diversity, and the independence and freedom are regarded as the core of the individual's personality. And the individual personality is realized through the road of anti-customization and the path of the main body. Finally, the author reveals the Marxist implication of his individual personality and its enlightenment to the construction of Chinese citizen's personality. In general, the individual personality thought of Bergayev is of great theoretical significance and value to promote the research of the humanitarian theory or to reflect on the theoretical reflection of the reality.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B038
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