1996年离婚法案及其反映的爱尔兰政教关系
发布时间:2017-10-14 20:46
本文关键词:1996年离婚法案及其反映的爱尔兰政教关系
【摘要】:爱尔兰作为一个传统意义上的天主教国家,天主教自爱尔兰脱离英国殖民统治后就占据了非凡的政治地位。天主教的教义被写入法律和宪法,成为爱尔兰人生活的行为准则。然而在世纪之交,随着爱尔兰经济发展带来的世俗化,天主教政治影响力大不如从前,新的政教关系自此形成。要考察这种变化的政教关系,一个很好的切入点就是二十世纪末通过的离婚法案。婚姻和家庭问题一直是教会的传统管辖范围,天主教有关婚姻和家庭的教义也被写在宪法里,婚姻自此被法律保护,离婚遭到禁止。而20世纪80年代政府依据爱尔兰国情制定出离婚法的提案,打破了教会在这一领域的垄断。离婚法经过两次全民公决,于1997年正式生效,其中政府在其中起到了重要的推动作用,也预示了天主教会在社会事务中影响力的退化和新的政教关系的形成。然而学术界对于这一阶段的爱尔兰政教关系考察不多。本文旨在通过考察爱尔兰政府在1980年到1996年间对于离婚法的推动作用,并通过对比政府提出离婚法的议案前后教会在社会事务中的影响力,探究离婚法案从草拟到最后的通过反映出的爱尔兰政教关系。研究发现,整个过程表明了教会对于社会事务的影响力进一步削弱,而政府的控制力进一步加强。本文主要采取研究历时现象常用的历史研究方法,并试图融合文本分析与世俗化理论的运用。采用的主要史料包括关于离婚的议会辩论,1980年到1997年之间颁布的有关婚姻的法律文献,爱尔兰宪法,教会文献,同时亦参考了重要的二手史学文献。
【关键词】:爱尔兰天主教 政教关系 离婚法案 世俗化
【学位授予单位】:北京外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:D956.2;D90-052
【目录】:
- Acknowledgement4-5
- 摘要5-6
- Abstract6-10
- Chapter 1 Introduction10-16
- 1.1 Research Questions10
- 1.2 Thesis Statement10-11
- 1.3 Methodology11
- 1.4 Theoretical Framework11-14
- 1.5 Significance of Research14
- 1.6 Thesis Structure14-16
- Chapter 2 Literature review16-22
- 2.1 Divorce in Ireland16-18
- 2.2 Development of Catholicism and Church-State Relation in Ireland18-22
- 2.2.1 Church-state relations in Ireland18-19
- 2.2.2 Changing Impact of Catholicism in Ireland19-22
- Chapter 3 Church-State Relations 1920s-1970s22-30
- 3.1 Catholicism Enshrined in Law: 1923-194022-23
- 3.1.1 Catholicism enshrined in the 1937 constitution22-23
- 3.1.2 Catholicism enshrined in the civil law23
- 3.2 Catholicism Became a Force:1940-196023-27
- 3.2.1 The Catholic social movement24
- 3.2.2 Condemnation on increased bureaucracy24-25
- 3.2.3 Climax of Catholic Church's influence as a social force25-27
- 3.3 Catholic Church's Loosening Grip27-30
- 3.3.1 The Church's acquiescence of the government's role27-28
- 3.3.2 Government's gaining control28-30
- Chapter 4 The Constitutional Divorce Ban and Irish Way of Dealing with Marriage30-37
- 4.1 Divorce Ban and the 1937 Constitution30-33
- 4.1.1 Catholic views on marriage30-32
- 4.1.2 Marriage in the civil law32-33
- 4.1.3 Catholicism in Irish civil law33
- 4.2 Measures Dealing with Marital Breakdown prior to Divorce Legislation33-37
- 4.2.1 Existing ways to end marriage in Ireland33-34
- 4.2.2 Conditions calling for a change34-35
- 4.2.3 Early remedies for the marriage breakdown condition35-37
- Chapter 5 Two Referenda and the 1996 Divorce Legislation37-48
- 5.1 The 1986 Divorce Referendum and Following Acts37-42
- 5.1.1 the 1986 referendum37-41
- 5.1.2 Government efforts after the 1986 referendum41-42
- 5.2 The 1995 referendum and the 1996 Divorce Legislation42-48
- 5.2.1 The 1995 referendum42-45
- 5.2.2 The Family (Divorce) Law of 199645-46
- 5.2.3 Changes reflected in the divorce act46-48
- Chapter 6 Divorce Legislation and the Church-State Relations48-55
- 6.1 Legislation on Divorce and the Changing Church-State Relations48-50
- 6.2 Church-State Relations in a More Secularized Ireland50-55
- 6.2.1 A more rational Ireland under modernization50-52
- 6.2.2 Catholicism losing importance as Irish nationalism52-53
- 6.2.3 Secularization resulting from social differentiation53-55
- Conclusion55-57
- Work Cited57-61
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