宋代司法监察运行机制及启示

发布时间：2017-12-27 00:11

本文关键词：宋代司法监察运行机制及启示　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宋代的司法监察制度就是御史台与监司等监察机关监察大理寺、刑部和地方州县等司法机关司法活动的制度。宋代御史台作为中央最高监察机关,通过点检案卷、录囚、弹劾不法官员和巡察地方等方式来进行司法监察,监司等地方机关通过在司制和巡检制监察案件审理,弹劾司法官的职务犯罪来监察地方司法机关。宋代司法监察制度的另一个重要内容是对监察官的监督制约,监察官手握重权,长官可以直接向皇帝奏报弹劾,影响重大,所以他们需要受到监督。宋代对监察官的制约有选任时的限制和在职时的监督这两方面的内容。宋代司法监察制度的突出特点,一是皇帝注重监督司法,二是监察机关具有司法职能。宋代皇帝注重加强中央集权,巩固君权,将司法权控制在手中,主要表现为皇帝直接进行司法审判与司法监察、亲自折狱录囚、赦宥罪犯、大兴诏狱等,并且重要的监察官员都是由皇帝指派的,通过这些行为,使得国家的司法活动都在皇帝的控制之中。宋代的监察机关都具有司法职能,御史台有受理直诉案件,申诉案件,复审案件这样的司法审判职能,而监司也可以受理案件,审理翻异案件,并且转运司、提点刑狱司和提举常平司受理的案件类型还有所不同,主要是提点邢狱司负责处理刑狱案件。宋代司法监察制度在整饬吏治,激浊扬清,维护司法公正,平衡朝野权力,巩固皇权方面有着良好的效果。但是因为时代与朝代的局限性,其制度也有一定的局限,最为根本的就是宋代的司法监察制度是为皇帝服务的,维护皇权,由皇帝所控制,并且宋代监察机构权力配置不科学,到了宋代的中后期,监察官的腐败问题使得监察职能难以发挥,甚至有监察官为虎作伥,加剧了政治混乱。宋代司法监察制度不仅对当时的政治、经济、社会发展起过重要作用,并且对后世监察制度的发展也有着深远影响。宋代司法监察制度相较前代体系更为严密,监察权开始独立于相权,监察法律也比较完善,宋代对言官更是优待,不因言官谏言降罪,监察官的升迁速度也快于普通文官。这些内容为其后朝代所借鉴,促进了后世监察制度的快速发展。从政治、经济、思想各方面,当今与宋代都有了翻天覆地的变化,宋代的封建监察制度在今天很多就不合时宜了。我们要结合当前实际,从宋代司法监察制度中合理选取借鉴内容,以促进当前司法监督制度的发展。首先在意识上,要重视慎刑恤刑的法律思想,还要对宋代独立垂直的监察机关及其效果进行分析,最后宋代对监察官的选任与监督,对选拔与制衡今天的监督者有很大的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:The judicial activities in judicial supervision system is Yushitai and other provincial supervisory organs supervision of Dali temple, Xingbu and local state and county judicial system. The Song Dynasty Yushitai as the supreme authority of the central government supervision, through the inspection records, prisoners, and local officials impeachment illegal inspection etc. to judicial supervision, the provincial local authorities through trial in our system and inspection system of supervision cases, judicial impeachment crimes to monitor local judicial organs. Another important part of the judicial supervision system in Song Dynasty is the supervision of inspectors, inspectors heavy right hand, executive can directly to the emperor played the impeachment, major influence, so they need to be supervised. The restrictions on the inspectors in the Song Dynasty have two aspects: the limitation of selection and the supervision of the incumbency. The outstanding characteristics of the judicial supervision system in the Song Dynasty, one is that the emperor pays attention to the supervision of the judiciary, and the two is the judicial function of the supervisory organs. The Song Dynasty emperor to strengthen centralization and consolidate the monarchy, the judicial power in hand, mainly for the emperor to direct judicial trial and judicial supervision and analysis of prisoners, personally pardon criminals, Daxing prison, and supervisory officials important are assigned by the emperor, by these actions, making the country's judicial activities in the control of the emperor. The supervisory organ has judicial functions, Yushitai has accepted direct litigation cases, complaints, judicial functions such a review of the case and the Department can also hear the case, the trial over different cases, and the transport department, tidianxingyusi and lift Changping Department of the admissibility of the case type is different, the main point is Xing prison department responsible for handling criminal cases of prison. The judicial supervision system in Song Dynasty, jizhuoyangqing thoughts, justice, balance of government power, has a good effect on the consolidation of imperial power. But because of the limitations of the times and the dynasties, the system also has some limitations, the most fundamental is the judicial supervision system is to serve the king, the maintenance of the imperial power, controlled by the emperor, and the Song Dynasty supervision organization of power allocation is not scientific, the Song Dynasty in the late, the problem of corruption prosecutors make supervision the function is difficult to play, even the Ombudsman ill, intensified the political chaos. The judicial supervision system in Song Dynasty not only played an important role in the political, economic and social development at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of the later supervisory system. The judicial supervision system in Song Dynasty compared to the previous generation system is more rigorous, independent of the supervision power began with the right, legal supervision is perfect, the Song Dynasty of supervisors is preferential treatment, not punishment for words, admonition, the Ombudsman promoted faster than ordinary civilian. These contents were used for reference in the subsequent dynasties, which promoted the rapid development of the later generation supervision system. From all aspects of politics, economy and thought, there have been great changes in today and the Song Dynasty, and the Feudal Supervisory System in the Song Dynasty is inopportune today. In order to promote the development of the current judicial supervision system, we should combine the current practice and choose from the judicial supervision system of the Song Dynasty. First of all, we should attach importance to the legal thought of cautious punishment and punishment, and analyze the independent vertical supervision organs in Song Dynasty. Finally, the Song Dynasty has great reference for the selection and supervision of supervisors.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K244;D929

【参考文献】