加尔文良心自由对近代权利变革的影响

发布时间：2017-12-27 00:11

本文关键词：加尔文良心自由对近代权利变革的影响　出处：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：欧洲宗教革命之前欧洲各国都逐渐的走上了民族国家的道路,文艺复兴为欧洲带来了新的风气。旧制度里矛盾越来越多,整个教会腐败不堪,救赎券的贩卖更让教会声名狼藉。此时宗教改革如狂风一样席卷欧洲。加尔文在路德之后继续推进了宗教改革。加尔文提出了良心自由,认为上帝已经解放了人们的良心,让人们不再受到律法的强迫,良心自由属于上帝的天上之国,地上之国没有人有权管辖良心。地上之国应该遵循上帝旨意,要守护上帝的十诫,做荣耀上帝之事,官员们有守护人们的责任。从良心自由中的责任到主观权利,并不遥远。法国新教徒反对迫害时,开始超出加尔文的教导,更加坚决的主张良心自由。上帝、官员和人民“三方契约”理论的出现,宣告世界上除了上帝没有任何一个人有绝对的权力。每个人良心里都复刻着十诫和自然法,这是人们权利的源泉。在英国,人们良心自由使得人们宣称每个人都是先知、牧师和国王,不但要求身体上不被迫害也开始要求言论自由。最后,清教徒在美国建立了“契约的自由”,建立了政治和社会的契约,创立了美国宪政制度,最终确立了以良心自由为基础的宗教权利,并发展出其他一系列权利。
[Abstract]:Before the European religious revolution, all the countries of Europe gradually embarked on the road of national state, and the Renaissance brought new atmosphere to Europe. There are more and more contradictions in the old system, the whole church is corrupted, and the trafficking of redemption vouchers makes the church notoriously infamous. At this time religious reform swept Europe like a wild wind. Calvin continued to promote religious reform after Luther. Calvin proposed freedom of conscience. He believed that God had liberated people's conscience and forced people to no longer be coercion by law. The conscience of freedom belongs to God's Heavenly Kingdom. No country in the land has jurisdiction over conscience. The country on the ground should follow the will of God, guard the ten commandments of God, honor the things of God, and the officials have the responsibility of guardians. It is not far away from the responsibility of the freedom of conscience to the subjective right. When the French Protestants were opposed to persecution, the French Protestants began to go beyond the teachings of Calvin and were more resolute in the freedom of conscience. The emergence of the "three party contract" theory of God, officials and people proclaimed that there was no absolute power in the world except that no one was God. The ten commandments and natural laws are engraved in every man's conscience, which is the source of people's rights. In Britain, freedom of conscience makes people claim that everyone is a prophet, a priest, and a king, not only to be physically not persecuted but also to ask for freedom of speech. Finally, the Puritans established the "freedom of contract" in the United States, established a political and social contract, established the constitutional system of the United States, and finally established the religious rights based on conscience freedom, and developed a series of other rights.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D909.1

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