论当代中国社会弱势群体的非制度化利益表达

发布时间：2018-01-15 14:00

本文关键词：论当代中国社会弱势群体的非制度化利益表达　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,维权案件激增,公民维权意识觉醒。以农民工和因强拆而失去房屋的居民为代表的弱势群体维权案件接连发生,从“开胸验肺”、“跳楼讨薪”,到对抗“暴力强拆”,直至冲击党政机关,这一系列群体性极端事件,引发了媒体和社会的极大关注。弱势群体的非制度化利益表达,作为近几年来较为突出的社会问题而存在,已经对国家利益表达机制的建设构成了一定冲击。弱势群体由于自身所受社会地位、经济条件、知识水平等多方面因素的局限,难于在现行利益表达机制之内,充分地实现其所要表达的利益诉求。在这种情况下,社会弱势群体很容易非理性地选择非制度化的利益表达方式,从而寻求有关部门的关注。甚至在某些情形下,弱势群体由于对现行利益表达机制丧失信心,出于绝望而采取极端行为,进而对社会、对自身造成无法挽回的伤害。弱势群体非制度化利益表达,是利益表达的方式之一,其实不过是一种处于现行利益表达机制之外的形态。伴随着社会矛盾的进一步深化,这种利益表达在当前中国社会加速转型的过程中呈现高发态势。它表现为不断增多的群体性事件和弱势群体的非正常方式上访,以及抗议强制拆迁、抗议征地、抗议环境污染、抗议企业重组等等各种公共事件。这些案件的一个共同特点：公民特别是弱势群体在表达利益诉求的过程中,原有采取诉讼、信访等“制度内”解决问题的方式,逐渐被暴力、对抗等“制度外”的途径所取代。这种非制度化的利益表达,具有表达主体弱势性、表达方式非理性化以及表达内容多样化的特点。弱势群体非制度化利益表达,之所以在当代中国存在并成为社会问题有着多种原因。它包括社会结构多元化、利益表达机制不完善、弱势群体自身困境,以及社会主义市场经济和改革开放对社会的深刻影响所必然带来的相关问题。同时加上我国政治体制发展水平和长久以来中国人的传统观念等因素,最终导致了这个问题的产生。弱势群体的非制度化利益表达,由于容易对社会、对弱势群体自身造成伤害,因而是一个必须面对的严峻问题。这种非制度化利益表达时刻挑战中国社会的和谐与稳定,亟须认真加以解决。笔者认为,实现利益表达“制度化”是我们解决弱势群体非制度化利益表达问题的主要出路。具体而言：强化公权力机关处理公民利益诉求和解决相关问题的责任,进而完善利益表达机制；促成弱势群体利益表达形成集团化方式,进而推动社会治理方式的转变；提高国民素质,倡导理性表达；以及深化经济体制改革、推进政治体制改革,进而在深层次化解利益冲突。以上四个方面是其重点所在。因此,笔者希望通过自己的努力,将当代中国社会弱势群体非制度化的利益表达这一问题做一些探讨,以期能够为当代中国的法治进步尽一份绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rights protection cases surge, the awareness of civil rights awareness awakened. Migrant workers and residents who lost their houses because of forced demolition as representatives of the vulnerable groups of rights protection cases occurred one after another, from "chest examination lung", "jump from the building to ask for pay." To confront the "violent demolition", until the impact of the party and government organs, this series of group extreme events, caused great concern of the media and society, and vulnerable groups of non-institutionalized interest expression. As a relatively prominent social problem in recent years, it has formed a certain impact on the construction of national interest expression mechanism. Vulnerable groups because of their own social status, economic conditions. The limitation of many factors, such as the level of knowledge, makes it difficult to fully realize the interest demand in the current interest expression mechanism. In this case. It is easy for the social vulnerable groups to choose the non-institutionalized interest expression mode irrationally, so as to seek the attention of the relevant departments. Even in some cases, the vulnerable groups lose confidence in the existing interest expression mechanism. Extreme acts out of despair, which can cause irreparable harm to society. Non-institutionalized interest expression of vulnerable groups is one of the ways of interest expression, in fact, it is only a form outside the current mechanism of interest expression, and with the further deepening of social contradictions. The expression of this interest in the current accelerated transformation of China's society presents a high trend. It is reflected in the increasing number of group incidents and the abnormal way of the vulnerable groups to petition, as well as protest against forced demolition, protest land requisition. Protest against environmental pollution, protest against the reorganization of enterprises and other public events. These cases have a common feature: citizens, especially vulnerable groups in the process of expressing interests, the original litigation. The ways of solving problems within the system, such as letters and visits, are gradually replaced by the ways of "outside the system", such as violence and confrontation. There are many reasons why the non-institutionalized interest expression of the vulnerable groups exists in contemporary China and becomes a social problem. It includes the diversity of social structure. The mechanism of interest expression is not perfect, and the vulnerable groups are in their own predicament. And the socialist market economy and the profound impact of reform and opening up on the society will inevitably bring related problems, and at the same time, the level of development of our political system and the traditional Chinese concept for a long time, and other factors. Finally, it led to the emergence of this problem. The non-institutionalized interest expression of the vulnerable group is easy to harm the society and the vulnerable group itself. Therefore, it is a serious problem that we must face. This kind of non-institutional interest expression always challenges the harmony and stability of Chinese society, and it needs to be solved seriously. The realization of "institutionalization" of interest expression is the main way out for us to solve the problem of non-institutionalized interest expression of vulnerable groups. Specifically, we should strengthen the responsibility of public power organs to deal with citizens' interest demands and solve related problems. Then perfect the mechanism of interest expression; To promote the expression of the interests of vulnerable groups to form a collectivization, and then to promote the transformation of social governance; Improve national quality and advocate rational expression; And deepen the economic system reform, promote the political system reform, and then resolve the conflict of interest in a deep level. The above four aspects are its focus. Therefore, I hope through their own efforts. This paper probes into the issue of the non-institutionalized interest expression of the vulnerable groups in contemporary Chinese society in order to contribute to the progress of the rule of law in contemporary China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

【参考文献】