论日本明治维新时期的法律移植

发布时间：2018-01-16 21:39

本文关键词：论日本明治维新时期的法律移植　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明治维新时期的日本,通过借助这一时期的法律移植,自身的法律制度得到了完善和发展,政治上也摆脱了沦为西方列强半殖民地的危机,并且在经济上得到飞速发展,迅速成长为当时亚洲的经济和军事强国。通过对这一时期日本法律移植的成功经验进行分析,从中得出对后发展国家的启示。首先通过对日本明治维新时期法律移植的历史背景进行分析,分别从政治、经济、社会思想三个领域的转变对这一时期的日本法律移植产生的影响进行事实阐述,用以论证法律移植不是单一的移植法律的过程,法律移植是与社会变迁紧密相连的。其次,通过对日本明治维新时期法律移植的内容进行具体分析,利用阐述事实和对比分析的方法,对日本明治维新时期制定的明治宪法、民法典、商法典、刑法典、民事诉讼法与刑事诉讼法、法院组织法这几大法典进行逐一分析。通过对这一时期的各部门法典在制定和应用中产生的矛盾冲突进行对比分析,使读者清晰的认识到,明治维新时期的法律移植是一个从早期的“全盘西化”,逐渐转向本土法与外来法相融合的过程。从中也可以分析出,法律移植不等于全盘照搬别国法律,法律移植的过程中要充分考虑本国的传统法律习惯和人民的接受度,尊重本国传统的法律文化。再次,通过从日本这一时期的法律移植对当时的社会状况产生的影响着手分析,得出这一时期的法律移植是一次成功的法律移植。通过这一时期的法律移植,日本的法律制度得到了发展和完善,法制步入近代化,经济迅速发展,初步实现了明治维新改革之初提出的“富国强兵”的目标。另外,日本这一时期法律移植取得成功的主要原因,可以总结为选择了正确的法律移植对象,合理的处理了外来法与本土法的冲突问题,拥有开明的领导法律移植的主体,选择了正确的法律移植本土化策略这几个方面。最后,通过对上述日本明治维新时期法律移植的分析论述,总结得出对后发展国家进行法律移植的启示。一方面从这一时期影响日本法律移植的动因着手分析,认为既要考虑这一时期政治因素与经济因素对法律移植所起的作用,也要考虑来自西方的冲击,这种冲击不仅指的是对日本国土的侵略行为,也包括文化特别是法律文化的冲击。通过对上述动因的分析,目的是使读者认识到,法律移植的过程是内因与外因交织而成的过程,是一系列因素相互影响的结果。另一方面,日本明治维新时期的法律移植,是一个传统法律文化与西方法律文化的矛盾冲突的过程,也是传统法律文化在面对外来法律文化如何迎接挑战,从而实现创造性转换的过程。所以法律移植过程中如何处理外来法与传统法的关系,是后发展国家进行法律移植过程中需要注意的问题。第三方面的启示是,如何把握法律移植过程中的自主性问题。法律移植应该是一个自愿接受的过程,如果没有自发寻求法律移植的决心,法律移植是无法成功进行的。另外,也对法律移植过程中的本土化与国际化的关系进行了分析,认为法律移植必须要在本土资源和国际化相关联的基础上进行。因此,后发展国家在进行法律移植时应该顺应时代的发展,结合本国的国情,具体问题具体分析,辩证的看待外来法与本土法的冲突,在合理借鉴其他国家先进法律经验的前提下,不抛弃本国自有的法律习惯,将外来资源与本土资源相融合,以便更好的进行法律移植。
[Abstract]:Through the legal transplantation of the period , the legal system of Japan has been improved and developed with the help of the law transplantation in this period . The political power has also been developed rapidly and has grown rapidly into the economic and military powers in Asia . Through the analysis of the successful experience of the Japanese law transplant in this period , the enlightenment of the latter developing country is drawn from it . Firstly , through the analysis of the historical background of the legal transplantation in the new period of Meiji Restoration in Japan , the influences of the transformation from the three fields of political , economic and social thought on the Japanese law transplantation in this period are expounded , and it is proved that the legal transplantation is not the process of single transplantation law , and the legal transplantation is closely related to the social change . Secondly , through the analysis of the contents of the legal transplantation in the new period of Meiji , the author makes a comparative analysis on the conflicts between the Meiji Constitution , the Civil Code , the Commercial Code , the Criminal Code , the Civil Procedure Law and the Criminal Procedure Law and the Organic Law of the Meiji Period . Thirdly , through the analysis of the influence of the legal transplantation from Japan in this period on the social situation at the time , it is concluded that the legal transplantation in this period is a successful legal transplant . Through the legal transplantation in this period , the legal system of Japan has been developed and perfected , the legal system has entered modernization and the economy develops rapidly , and the goal of the " rich soldier " proposed in the beginning of the new reform is preliminarily realized . In addition , the main reasons for the success of the legal transplant in Japan can be summarized as choosing the right legal transplant target , reasonably dealing with the conflict between the foreign law and the local law , having the main subject of the enlightened leadership law transplant , and choosing the right law transplant localization strategy . On the other hand , how to deal with the relationship between the foreign law and the traditional law in the process of legal transplantation is the process of the conflict between the traditional legal culture and the western legal culture . Therefore , the post - development country should take the development of the times when carrying out the law transplant , combine with the national conditions of the country , concretely analyze the specific problems , dialectical treat the conflict between the foreign law and the local law , and do not abandon its own legal habits under the premise of reasonable reference to the advanced legal experience of other countries , and merge the external resources with the local resources in order to better carry out the legal transplantation .

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D931.3

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