论英国行政法的越权无效原则

发布时间：2018-01-17 20:25

本文关键词：论英国行政法的越权无效原则　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：越权无效原则是英国行政法的核心原则，也是普通法院对行政行为进行司法审查的理论基础。越权无效原则的思想源于自然法观念和法律实证主义。自然法观念确认并保护人的自然权利，认为政府只有保障人们的权利才能受到人们的服从。依法治国才能限制政府权力和保证人民主权，而组织政府最好的形式就是议会制。边沁的功利主义原则实际上是一种政治和法律的伦理原则，很好的约束了政府的行为。奥斯丁的实证主义法学肯定了议会法律和法官的权威性，，为司法审查奠定了基础。毫无疑问自然法观念和法律实证主义对越权原则的产生和发展有着重要影响。越权无效原则的宪法基础则是议会主权原则和法治原则。议会主权原则要求政府服从议会的立法，法治原则要求政府守法，因此，政府的行为就不得超越法律的授权。越权无效原则的产生还有着深刻的社会原因，议会为了控制庞大的行政权，委任立法的增加，要求对行政权进行有效的制约。此外，越权无效原则的内容是由一个个判例逐渐发展起来的，其范围也在不断变化着。从狭义的超越法定机构的管辖权，发展到能动的寻求议会立法的隐含意图，权限范围不断的扩大使越权原则几乎涵盖了所有的行政违法形式。20世纪90年代以来，英国许多学者围绕越权原则展开了激烈争论。越权原则的批判者认为越权原则具有不确定性、脱离现实、自相矛盾和偏离公法范围等缺陷，而越权原则的捍卫者则认为越权原则能规避排除条款、维护议会主权并保持权力的平衡。而争议的实质是司法审查的合法性问题以及议会和法院的关系问题。基于欧盟法对英国国内法的影响，议会主权原则受到了挑战。《宪政改革法》的通过巩固了议会和法院的权力分离，越权无效原则的适用受到了限制。但英国法院仍然在坚持越权无效原则，认为其必不可少。越权无效原则仍然在英国行政法理论和实务界维持着重要地位，也仍然是司法审查的重要依据。
[Abstract]:The principle of ultra vires invalidity is the core principle of British administrative law. It is also the theoretical basis of judicial review of administrative acts by ordinary courts. The thought of the principle of ultra vires invalidity originates from the concept of natural law and legal positivism. The concept of natural law affirms and protects the natural rights of human beings. It is believed that only by protecting people's rights can the government be subject to the obedience of people. Only by governing the country according to law can the government power be restricted and the sovereignty of the people be guaranteed. The best form of organizing government is the parliamentary system. Bentham's utilitarian principle is actually a political and legal ethical principle. Austen's positivist jurisprudence affirmed the authority of parliamentary law and judges. There is no doubt that the concept of natural law and legal positivism have an important influence on the emergence and development of the principle of ultra vires. The constitutional basis of the principle of ultra vires invalidity is the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and the principle of rule by law. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty requires the Government to comply with the legislation of Parliament. The principle of the rule of law requires the government to abide by the law, therefore, the government's behavior must not exceed the authorization of the law. There are profound social reasons for the emergence of the principle of ultra vires invalidity, the parliament in order to control the huge executive power. The increase of the appointed legislation requires effective restriction on the executive power. In addition, the content of the principle of ultra vires invalidity is gradually developed from one case to another. Its scope is also constantly changing. From the narrow sense beyond the jurisdiction of statutory bodies to the dynamic pursuit of the implied intention of parliamentary legislation. The extension of the scope of authority makes the principle of ultra vires almost cover all forms of administrative violations since 90s of the 20th century. Many British scholars have launched a heated debate about the principle of ultra vires which critics believe is uncertain divorced from reality contradicts themselves and deviates from the scope of public law and so on. Defenders of the principle of ultra vires believe that the principle of ultra vires can avoid exclusion clauses. The essence of the dispute is the legality of judicial review and the relationship between Parliament and the courts. Based on the influence of EU law on the domestic law of the United Kingdom. The adoption of the Constitutional Reform Act has consolidated the separation of powers between Parliament and the Court, and the application of the principle of ultra vires invalidity has been restricted. However, the British courts are still upholding the principle of ultra vires invalidity. The principle of ultra vires invalidity still maintains an important position in the theory and practice of British administrative law and is still an important basis for judicial review.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1;D912.1

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