从《奏谳书》看汉初司法状况

发布时间：2018-01-19 04:03

本文关键词： 奏谳书汉代司法事实认定法律适用法律思想　出处：《云南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉代是中国历史中承前启后的重要时期,它结束了春秋诸侯割据、战乱纷争的时代,开创了大一统的中原帝国,完成了中国历史上的一次民族大融合。这一时期也是中华法系的形成阶段。因此,秦汉法制历来是我国学者研究的重要领域。《奏谳书》作为汉初的司法文书,从出土的墓主身份地位来看,《奏谳书》是汉代司法活动的直接记录,应该能反应汉初法律的一般状况,从1983年出土以后,改变了研究汉代法律只能通过官方史料而没有专业司法文献的局面,从而成为研究汉初法律最重要的文献之一。从《奏谳书》中不但能看到规范的司法程序,还能体现出汉代法律的重要思想。《奏谳书》的案例是案件初级审判者的第一手记述,并未经过转述和加工,可以说有相当的客观性。案件文法表达简练,却又完整的记录了案件的审判过程,其中法律术语规范,司法程序严格。既有案情介绍、当事人陈述、证据列举,也有案件审判的阐述以及法律援引。以现代法制的标准来衡量,其程序也可谓齐备。透过《奏谳书》能对汉初法制有全面的了解,进而剖析中华法系的形成初期的基本状况,有助于系统认识中国传统法律的形成和发展。在现代化法治社会的发展中,应该重视传统法律的内涵与价值,以减少法律在具体实施中的障碍,并树立正确的法律价值导向,从而引导法律精神的文化,以完善我国法制。本文以《奏谳书》为对象,分成五个部分分析汉朝初期的司法状况。第一部分是对《奏谳书》的介绍,首先界定《奏谳书》是什么性质的法律文献,与当时的其他史料记载是否相符,其研究价值如何；其次,解释其内容和分类；再次,细述其在具体制度中的运作,也即奏谳制度是如何操作的；最后,分析奏谳文书的格式。第二部分,概述汉代司法程序主要包括那些具体步骤,对比《奏谳书》和其他史料的记载来阐述。第三部分是对《奏谳书》中的法律问题的具体分析,并以其为对象探究汉代司法官吏对案件事实是如何认定的,又是如何适用法律的。第四部分是总结《奏谳书》中所反映出的法律思想及其对现代司法的意义。
[Abstract]:Han Dynasty is an important period in Chinese history, it ended the Spring and Autumn Monarchs separation, the era of war and strife, created a unified empire of the Central Plains. This period is also the formative stage of the Chinese legal system. Therefore, the legal system of the Qin and Han dynasties has always been an important research field of Chinese scholars. As a judicial document in the early Han Dynasty, the "Zou Zou Shu" is a direct record of the judicial activities of the Han Dynasty and should reflect the general situation of the law in the early Han Dynasty from the perspective of the status of the tomb owner unearthed from the point of view of the status of the tomb owner. Since 1983 unearthed, it changed the situation that the study of Han Dynasty law can only pass through the official historical data, but there is no professional judicial documents. Thus it became one of the most important documents to study the law of the early Han Dynasty. The case is the first-hand account of the primary judge of the case, which has not been reported and processed, and can be said to have considerable objectivity. The case grammar expresses succinctly, but the trial process of the case is recorded completely. Among them, the legal terminology is standard, the judicial procedure is strict. Not only the case introduction, the party statement, the evidence enumeration, but also the case trial elaboration as well as the law invokes, according to the modern legal system standard. It can be said that the procedure is complete. Through the book of Zou Zou can have a comprehensive understanding of the legal system in the early Han Dynasty, and then analyze the basic conditions of the formation of the Chinese legal system at the beginning of its formation. It is helpful to understand the formation and development of Chinese traditional law systematically. In the development of modern society ruled by law, we should pay attention to the connotation and value of traditional law, so as to reduce the obstacles in the implementation of the law. And set up the correct legal value guidance, thus guide the culture of the legal spirit, in order to perfect our country's legal system. This article is divided into five parts to analyze the judicial situation in the early Han Dynasty. The first part is an introduction to the book of the canon, first of all, it defines the nature of the legal literature. Whether or not it is consistent with other historical records at that time and what its research value is; Secondly, explain its content and classification; Thirdly, it describes in detail its operation in the specific system, that is, how the system is operated; Finally, the paper analyzes the format of the instruments. The second part, summarizes the Han Dynasty judicial procedures mainly include those specific steps. The third part is the specific analysis of the legal issues in the book of the verdict, and explores how the judicial officials of the Han Dynasty identified the facts of the case. The 4th part is a summary of the legal thought reflected in the book of sentencing and its significance to modern justice.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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