唐代贡举非人罪研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 12:46

本文关键词： 唐律贡举非人罪犯罪构成刑罚　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：唐代是中国古代社会发展的高峰,这与其严密的法制和较清明的吏治是分不开的。这一时期,中国古代贡举制度得以确立并不断完善。贡举是国家选拔人才的制度,关系到官员的质量,直接影响着国家机器的正常运转。唐代对于贡举的重视体现在对于负有贡举之责官员之行为的规范及对其犯罪行为的处罚。唐律首次以国家律典的形式规定了贡举非人罪,为本文的研究提供了法律方面的依据。同时,唐代尤其是唐前期多位君主重视官员贡举,其诏书、敕令等对探求贡举非人罪背后的法律思想和治国理念提供了基础。唐代中后期,贡举非人案件增多,为了解本罪在唐代的具体实践提供依据。本文利用现代法学理论分析方法,对贡举非人罪的犯罪构成要件和处罚进行法学理论分析。贡举非人罪是官员职务犯罪,其犯罪主体是负有贡举之责的各级官员;不论是主观故意还是失察都可构成本罪,只是在量刑上有所区别;本罪的客观方面表现为“贡举非其人”、“课试不实”和“应贡举而不贡举”三种情况,有作为与不作为两种模式;本罪的犯罪客体为国家机关的正常运行和其职能的正常行使以及国家对官员的任用权。本罪的刑罚主要是杖刑和徒刑,但在法律实际实施中常对犯罪官员施以贬官的处分,并不施以实际的刑罚。本罪主要规定在唐律卷九《职制》中,但令、格、式以及皇帝的诏令中也不乏相关规定。本罪在实施过程中留下了丰富的史料,其中尤以宋代《册府元龟》最为集中,该书对于重大的贡举非人案件进行了整理。此外,《新唐书》、《旧唐书》、《唐会要》中也有较为零散的案件记载。本文运用社会学的整体分析方法和实证分析方法在犯罪构成要件以及专门的案例分析部分对上述史料加以使用。本文主要分为以下几个部分: 第一部分,厘定贡举非人罪中“贡举”的概念,划定本文的研究范围。追溯贡举非人罪的历史沿革,总结此前贡举非人犯罪在犯罪认定、处罚方面的特点。简要介绍唐代贡举制度,梳理唐代法律文献中对于贡举非人罪的相关规定。第二部分,分析贡举非人罪的犯罪构成及其处罚,并结合实例明确本罪的犯罪构成及其处罚。此部分是本文的主体部分。在犯罪构成部分的分析重点在突出犯罪主体的特殊性,同时穿插实例分析在各要件认定过程中潜在的规则;在处罚部分,除了分析刑罚处罚,还分析行政处分等处罚,并注意二者的对比;在实例分析部分,注意从宏观的样本评价到微观的案例分析两个层面入手展开研究。争取对唐代贡举非人罪的法律规定和实施情况有较为准确的把握。第三部分,对本罪的法律规定、法律实践及法律理念做一简短评价,并对本文做一总结。通过三个部分的分析,把握唐代贡举非人罪之规定及其实施情况,并对其得失予以评价,以期形成对唐代贡举非人罪的准确认识。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty was the peak of the social development in ancient China, which was inseparable from its strict legal system and more official administration than Pure Brightness. The ancient Chinese tribute system has been established and continuously improved. It is a national system of selecting talents, which is related to the quality of officials. The emphasis of the Tang Dynasty on the tributes was embodied in the norms of the behavior of the officials responsible for the tribute and the punishment for their criminal behavior. The Tang Law for the first time stipulated the tribute in the form of the State Code of Law. The crime of inhumanity. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty, especially in the early Tang Dynasty, many monarchs attached importance to the official tribute, its imperial edict. The royal decree provides the basis for exploring the legal thought and the idea of governing the country behind the crime of offering tribute to people. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the number of non-human cases of the tribute was increased, which provided the basis for understanding the concrete practice of this crime in the Tang Dynasty. This article uses the modern law theory analysis method, carries on the legal theory analysis to the tribute to the inhuman crime constitution and the punishment, which is the official duty crime. The subject of the crime is the officials at all levels who are responsible for the tribute; Whether subjective intent or negligence can constitute this crime, only in sentencing differences; The objective aspects of this crime are as follows: "the tribute is not the person", "the class test is not true" and "should the tribute be held but not the tribute", and there are two modes of action and omission; The object of this crime is the normal operation of state organs and the normal exercise of their functions and the right of appointment of officials. The punishment of this crime is mainly the punishment of staff and imprisonment. However, in the practice of law, criminal officials are often punished by disparaging officials, but not by actual penalties. The main provisions of this crime in the Tang law volume nine "the system of posts", but the order, style and emperor's imperial edict is not lack of relevant provisions. This crime in the implementation of the process of leaving a wealth of historical data. In particular, the Song Dynasty "Book House Yuan Tortoise" is the most concentrated, the book for the major tribute to non-human cases were sorted out. In addition, "New Tang Shu", "the old Tang Shu". There are also scattered records of cases in Tang Dynasty. This paper uses the whole analysis method of sociology and the empirical analysis method to use the above historical materials in the elements of crime and the special case analysis. This paper is divided into the following parts: In the first part, the concept of "tribute" in the crime of "tribute" is determined, and the research scope of this paper is delineated. The historical evolution of the crime of "tribute" is traced back to sum up the previous cognizance of the crime of "non-human". The characteristics of punishment. This paper briefly introduces the system of tribute raising in Tang Dynasty, and combs the relevant provisions in the legal documents of Tang Dynasty. The second part analyzes the constitution and punishment of the crime. This part is the main part of this article. The focus of the analysis of the crime component is to highlight the particularity of the subject of the crime. At the same time, interspersed with examples to analyze the potential rules in the process of identifying each element; In the part of punishment, in addition to the analysis of punishment, but also the analysis of administrative sanctions and other penalties, and pay attention to the comparison between the two; In the part of case analysis, the author pays attention to the research from the macroscopic sample evaluation to the microscopic case analysis and tries to have a more accurate grasp of the legal provisions and implementation of the non-human crime in the Tang Dynasty. The third part makes a brief evaluation of the legal provisions, legal practice and legal ideas of this crime, and makes a summary of this article. Through the analysis of three parts, this paper grasps the stipulation and implementation of the crime of non-human in the Tang Dynasty, and evaluates its gains and losses in order to form an accurate understanding of the crime of non-human in the tribute of the Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924.3

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