民国工厂检查法制研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 10:15

本文关键词： 民国工厂检查立法实施评价历史价值　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自晚清始,中国遭遇了千年未遇之变局。尤其是民国时期,战乱不断、中西碰撞,社会处于一个大转型时期。面对近代国际国内纷繁复杂、变幻莫测的局势,国民政府首创了中国历史上的许多政治制度、社会制度、法律制度等,以应对和解决转型社会中的种种难题,劳工法制就是其中之一。面对不断发展壮大的劳工力量、日益激烈的劳资斗争,为缓和劳资矛盾、发展生产,国民政府制订了大量的劳工立法,如《工厂法》、《工厂法施行条例》、《工厂检查法》、《工会法》、《团体协约法》等,初步构建了国民政府的劳工法制。工厂检查法作为劳工立法中重要组成部分,随着劳工立法的不断颁布和发展,也逐步发展和完善起来。民国时期,国民政府制定和颁布了大量涉及工厂检查的立法,如《工厂检查法》、《实业部工厂检查委员会章程》、《社会部工厂检查员服务须知》等,在中国近代史上第一次制定和颁布有关工厂检查方面的立法。这些立法不仅在立法层面上构建了一套相对完整和完善的工厂检查法制,而且这些工厂检查立法的内容大多借鉴先进工业化国家的相关立法成果,内容先进,达到了世界先进水平。而条文内容也体现了贯彻实施劳工法律法规、保护劳工健康与安全的近现代劳工立法的立法理念。除了在立法层面不断构建和完善工厂检查法制外,国民政府在工厂检查法制实施方面也极尽努力。一方面制定工厂检查相关配套实施法规,如《实业部工厂检查委员会章程》、《中央工厂检查处组织章程》、《工厂检查员养成所规则》、《工厂检查员训练办法》等,另一方面积极选任、培训工厂检查员,分赴各地进行工厂检查事务。当然,由于立法内容与实践的严重脱节、战乱不断的国内环境等原因的影响,国民政府工厂检查法制的实施是乏力的、有限的。长期以来,就如何评价民国时期的劳动立法,可以说存在两种极端的看法,一种过分强调了这些立法所体现的先进的理念,而另一种看法则过分强调了并未能够真正贯彻实施的现实。笔者在对有关民国工厂检查法制的资料收集、整理以及分析的过程中,认为应该以一种客观、公正的态度来认识和评价其工厂检查法制。不可否认,民国时期,在工厂检查立法上所取得的成就是巨大的,其工厂检查法制实施的努力以及取得的成效也是值得肯定的。以史为鉴,方知得失。国民政府在工厂检查方面进行了诸多立法建构和实施尝试,给我们留下了许多宝贵的经验和教训。这对于我们今天所实施的劳动监察制度可谓意义重大,对于如何完善劳动监察立法,构建完善的劳动监察制度,如何提高劳动监察执法者的素质,如何深入、有效地实施和推行劳动监察,保障劳动立法的实施、保障劳动者合法权益等等都提供了有益的参考、借鉴和反思。也许这就是笔者研究民国工厂检查法制最大的价值和意义所在。
[Abstract]:Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has encountered a change that has never happened in a thousand years. Especially during the Republic of China period, the war was incessant, the Chinese and the Western collided, and the society was in a period of great transformation. In the face of the complicated and unpredictable situation of modern international and domestic affairs. The National Government pioneered many political systems, social systems and legal systems in the history of China in order to deal with and solve various problems in the transitional society. The labor legal system is one of them. In the face of the growing labor force and the increasingly fierce labor struggle, the National Government has formulated a large number of labor legislation, such as the Factory Law, in order to ease the labor contradictions and develop production. The regulations for the implementation of the Factory Law, the Factory Inspection Law, the Trade Union Law, the Group Treaty Law, and so on, have preliminarily constructed the national government's labor law, which is an important part of the labor legislation. With the continuous promulgation and development of labor legislation, it is also gradually developed and perfected. During the period of the Republic of China, the National Government enacted and promulgated a large number of legislation concerning factory inspection, such as the Factory Inspection Law, the articles of Association of the Factory Inspection Committee of the Ministry of Industry, and the instructions for the Service of the Factory inspectors of the Ministry of Social Affairs. For the first time in the modern history of China, legislation on factory inspection has been enacted and promulgated. These legislations not only set up a relatively complete and perfect legal system of factory inspection at the legislative level. And the content of these factory inspection legislation mostly draw lessons from the relevant legislative achievements of advanced industrialized countries, advanced content, reached the advanced level of the world, and the content of the provisions also reflects the implementation of labor laws and regulations. The legislative concept of modern labor legislation to protect the health and safety of labor. In addition to building and perfecting the legal system of factory inspection in the legislative level. On the one hand, the National Government also made great efforts to implement the legal system of factory inspection. On the one hand, it formulated relevant implementing laws and regulations for factory inspection, such as the articles of Association of the Factory Inspection Committee of the Ministry of Industry and the organizational Charter of the Central Factory Inspection Office. "rules for factory inspectors", "training methods for factory inspectors", etc., on the other hand, actively selecting factory inspectors, training factory inspectors and distributing them to various places to carry out factory inspection work. Of course. Due to the serious disconnection between legislative content and practice, and the influence of the domestic environment, the implementation of the factory inspection legal system of the National Government is weak and limited. For a long time, on how to evaluate the labor legislation of the Republic of China, it can be said that there are two extreme views. The other view overemphasized the reality that it could not be carried out. In the process of collecting, sorting and analyzing the data about the factory inspection and legal system in the Republic of China, the author thought that it should be taken as an objective. It is undeniable that during the period of the Republic of China, the achievements made in the legislation of factory inspection were great. Its factory inspection legal system implementation efforts and achievements are also worthy of recognition. Take history as a mirror to know the gains and losses. The National Government has carried out a lot of legislative construction and implementation attempts in factory inspection. It has left us many valuable experiences and lessons, which is of great significance to the labor supervision system that we have implemented today. It is of great significance to how to perfect the labor supervision legislation and to build a perfect labor supervision system. How to improve the quality of labor inspection law enforcers, how to carry out and carry out labor supervision effectively, how to ensure the implementation of labor legislation, and how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, etc. Perhaps this is the greatest value and significance of the study of the factory inspection system in the Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D922.5

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