贾谊《新书》法律思想探析

发布时间：2018-02-04 07:28

本文关键词： 贾谊《新书》法律思想现代价值　出处：《中南民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贾谊是秦汉之际儒家学派的代表人物，是西汉著名的法律家、思想家。贾谊所处的汉初是一特殊的历史阶段，是由战国“百家争鸣”经秦朝“专任法治”过渡到汉初“黄老”治国再到汉武帝时期“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”的法律思想不断流变转型的关键时期。贾谊生于此世，故其法律思想通过吸收儒、道、法而呈现出兼容并蓄的开放态势。其中，，贾谊以儒家思想为核心，以法、道思想之长济儒家思想之不足，从而以最为和谐的方法将三者糅合在一起，形成有效改革汉初时弊的法律思想。正是在此意义上，笔者认为贾谊《新书》法律思想在建立儒学一统的统治思想的过程中具有特殊的历史地位。其法律思想上承周秦诸子余绪，下启董仲舒大一统思想，在两汉及整个中国法律思想文化史上承前启后，继往开来，对西汉及中国两千年来封建正统法律思想的创立功不可没。所以，研究贾谊《新书》法律思想意义重大。本文通过对贾谊《新书》法律思想的探究，试图揭示出贾谊法律思想产生发展的社会动因及思想发展的内在逻辑，以逻辑与历史相统一的视角，作出具有法律文化学意义的理论联系实际的研究尝试。全文分为五大部分：第一部分概述贾谊的生平及其《新书》。第二部分分析《新书》法律思想形成的社会历史背景和其理论基础。通过对汉初社会历史背景的总结，以求获知其思想形成的历史基壤。通过分析其法律思想的渊源以及学派归属，以求获得其法律思想的逻辑起点及批判继承的基本内涵。第三部分介绍《新书》法律思想的精髓提要。主要包括“变化因时”的变法观，维护封建统治的“礼法结合”论，“夫礼者禁于将然之前，而法者禁于已然之后”的犯罪预防论，“宁失有罪，不杀无辜”的“疑罪从无”论，“民惟邦本”的民本思想，“立经陈纪”的立法论，“刑不上大夫”的执法观，“驱民归农”与“令禁铸钱”的经济立法思想，以及解决时代难题的法律实践与对策。第四部分对贾谊《新书》法律思想进行评价，主要分析其法律思想的进步性及局限性。第五部分总结贾谊《新书》法律思想的现代价值，即“礼法结合”论对现代“德法同治”的借鉴，“宁失有罪，不杀无辜”与现代“疑罪从无”原则的暗合，“民惟邦本”与现代中国“以人为本”法治理念的契合，“驱民归农”对现代中国农业立法的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Jia Yi was a representative figure of Confucian school in the Qin and Han dynasties. He was a famous lawmaker and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. The beginning of the Han Dynasty was a special historical stage. From the warring States "hundred schools of thought contending" through the Qin Dynasty "full-time rule of law" transition to the early Han "Huang Lao" rule of state to the Han Dynasty Wu Emperor "ousted hundred schools." Jia Yi was born in this world, so his legal thought showed an all-embracing opening situation through absorbing Confucianism, Taoism and law. Jia Yi takes the Confucian thought as the core, with the law, the Taoism thought long economy Confucian thought insufficiency, thus with the most harmonious method mixes the three together. It is in this sense that the effective reform of the legal ideology of the early Han Dynasty was formed. The author thinks that the legal thought of Jia Yi has a special historical position in the process of establishing the ruling thought of the unity of Confucianism. In the Han Dynasty and the whole history of Chinese legal ideology and culture, carrying on the past and opening up to the future, contributed to the creation of feudal orthodox legal thought in the Western Han Dynasty and China for two thousand years. The study of Jia Yi's legal thought is of great significance. This paper tries to reveal the social motivation and the inner logic of Jia Yi's legal thought through the exploration of Jia Yi's legal thought. From the angle of the unity of logic and history, this paper attempts to combine theory with practice with the meaning of legal culturology. The full text is divided into five parts: The first part summarizes Jia Yi's life and his new book. The second part analyzes the social and historical background of the formation of the legal thought and its theoretical basis. Through the summary of the social and historical background of the early Han Dynasty. Through the analysis of the origin of his legal thought and the ownership of the school, the logical starting point of his legal thought and the basic connotation of critical inheritance can be obtained. The third part introduces the essence of the legal thought of "new book". It mainly includes the concept of "change due to time", the theory of "combination of etiquette and law" to maintain feudal rule. However, the legalists have banned the theory of crime prevention, the theory of "crime is better lost than innocent", the thought of "people based on the state of the people" and the legislative theory of "setting up the Chen Ji". The law enforcement view of "punishment is not on the doctor", the economic legislation thought of "driving the people to agriculture" and "forbidding to cast money", as well as the legal practice and countermeasures to solve the difficult problems of the times. In the 4th part, the author evaluates Jia Yi's legal thought, mainly analyzes the progress and limitation of his legal thought. The 5th part summarizes the modern value of Jia Yi's legal thought, that is, the reference of the theory of "the combination of etiquette and law" to the modern "rule of virtue and law", which combines the principle of "losing guilt, not killing innocent" with the principle of "never having a crime". The combination of "people only" and "people-oriented" rule of law in modern China, and the reference of "driving people to agriculture" to modern China's agricultural legislation.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2

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