美国反倾销归零计算法研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 04:26

本文关键词： 美国反倾销归零计算法　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：归零法是美国商务部运用的一种计算方法,用来计算外国生产商向美国出口的产品的加权平均倾销幅度。归零方案的定义本质是,在国内市场的销售价格等于或者高于正常价值即被视为倾销幅度是零,而非负的倾销幅度。因此,当这些销售与同一外国生产商所为的低于正常价值的销售共同计算,从而求得平均数时,整个倾销幅度明显更高而且通常会导致反倾销税的执行。本文将会从追溯国际和国内的争端解决领域的归零争论的历史开始,并且重点讨论美国法院和WTO以及NAFTA争端解决机制对归零法的区别对待。接着,笔者将会从两方面来探讨否定美国归零法的不正当性。一方面,总结国际组织对美国归零法的态度;另一方面,将会考察归零问题与美国的Chevron标准和Charming Betsy原则的联系。最后,通过国际争端解决机制对美国归零法的分析,以及美国的国内原则在国内法律的合理应用表明:为了使美国的贸易实践与其在WTO《反倾销协议》以及NAFTA中的义务相符,美国商务部应该抛弃负的倾销幅度的归零实践。然而,本文也指出,鉴于有利于归零法持续应用的政治主张以及那些谴责归零法的国际机构的内在执行力的缺乏,美国可能在未来会继续在反倾销过程中采取归零计算法。最后,针对目前美国仍然坚持使用归零法的现状,对中国在国际贸易中面临该威胁该如何应对提出建议。第一部分简要介绍美国归零计算法。首先界定了归零计算法的概念和类型,并介绍归零法的产生背景,反倾销以及反倾销措施的运用,接着对美国广泛使用归零计算法的消极影响进行了分析,这是为了方便从宏观上认识归零计算法,有利于对归零计算法进行阐述和说明。最后对归零法产生的争端进行了概述,并分析了不同的观点及其依据。第二部分是美国适用归零计算法引起的争端及其解决。主要包括两大部分,一个是至今美国归零计算法的运用在实践中引起的争端。另一部分是,以上争端的解决,在本部分,分别介绍了美国国际贸易法院,NAFTA争端解决机构和WTO争端解决机构对归零计算法的态度,并分析了它们的不同态度以及为什么会有这些差异存在。第三部分针对美国归零计算法展开理论分析,从第二部分归零争端解决的差异入手,分析美国国内法在解决归零问题上与国内原则和国际法存在的冲突,这是本文的重点,笔者从美国国内法和国际法两个层面展开分析,说明了归零计算法的不正当性,驳斥美国坚持使用归零计算法的狡辩。第四部分分析美国在现实中仍然凭借其在经济领域的强势地位,在其归零计算法多次被国际争端解决机构否定的情况下,仍然不愿意从根本上放弃适用归零计算法的现状,并分析了美国归零计算法的适用对中国的影响,对中国在国际贸易中面临该威胁该如何应对提出建议,以期减少因此而可能受到的损害。
[Abstract]:Zeroing is a U.S. Department of Commerce by the weighted calculation method used to calculate the foreign producers of products exported to the United States the average margin of dumping. Definition of the nature of zero solution is, in the domestic market sales price is equal to or higher than the normal value shall be regarded as the dumping margin is zero, rather than a negative dumping margin so when these sales with foreign producers is lower than the normal value of sales to calculate, so as to obtain the average number, the dumping margin significantly higher and usually results in the imposition of antidumping duties.
This paper will address dating from the international and domestic disputes in the field of zero in the history of the debate, and focuses on the United States Court and WTO NAFTA dispute settlement mechanism as well as discrimination zero method. Then, the author will from two aspects to explore the negation of zeroing is not when. On the one hand, the summary of international the attitude of the United States organization of zeroing; on the other hand, will examine zero problem with the American Chevron standard and Charming Betsy principle. Finally, solve the mechanism analysis of American zeroing through domestic and international disputes, the principle of American in the reasonable application of domestic law shows that in order to make the trade of the United States with the WTO< anti dumping agreement and NAFTA > obligation in the match, the U.S. Department of commerce should abandon the practice of zero negative dumping margin. However, this paper also pointed out that in favor of the continued use of zeroing The lack of internal politics and those who condemned the execution of zeroing international institutions force, the United States may in the future will continue to adopt anti-dumping zeroing process. Finally, according to the current situation of the United States still insist on the use of zeroing, the China facing the threat of the suggestions on how to deal with it in international trade.
The first part is a brief introduction of the zeroing. First defines the concept and types of zeroing, and introduces the background of zeroing, the use of anti dumping and anti-dumping measures, then widely used zeroing on the negative impact of the analysis, it is easy to realize zero calculation from the macroscopic view, is conducive to the zero calculation method are elaborated. Finally the zeroing disputes are summarized and analyzed, and according to different views.
The second part is the application of zeroing dispute and its solution. Mainly includes two parts, one is the use of American zeroing caused in the practice of the dispute. The second part is to solve the above issues, in this part, introduced the United States Court of international trade, the NAFTA dispute settlement mechanism the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and the attitude of the zeroing, and analyzes their different attitudes and why these differences exist.
The third part of the United States zeroing on theoretical analysis, starting from the differences between the second part zero dispute settlement of conflicts, the domestic law of the United States in solving problems with the principle of zero domestic and international law, which is the focus of this paper, the author starts from the two aspects of domestic law and international law analysis. That is not the legitimacy of zeroing, refuted the United States insist on the use of zeroing sophistry.
The fourth part is the analysis of the United States in reality still by virtue of its strong position in the economic field, the zeroing mechanism has been solved the case of negative international disputes, still not willing to give up the current application of zeroing fundamentally, and analyzed the influence for American zeroing of Chinese. On the face of the threat Chinese suggestions on how to deal with it in international trade, in order to reduce the potential damage.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D971.2;DD912.29

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