中韩扣押船舶法律制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 20:44

本文关键词： 扣押船舶海事请求保全海事诉讼特别程序法民事执行法　出处：《大连海事大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中韩两国自1992年建立正式外交关系以来,在政治、经济、文化等多多方面的交流日益活跃,尤其是国际贸易和海上货物运输更为频繁。但是海事、海商纠纷的也不断发生,扣押船舶的情况也屡屡发生。本来船舶属于动产,但因其特殊性在法律上很多情况下被视为不动产来处理,因而可以相应地适用债权保全措施。扣押船舶是为解决海事纠纷而采取的最典型的海事债权保全手段。扣押船舶是指法院根据海事请求人的申请,为保障其海事请求的实现,对特定当事船舶或被请求人所有的船舶采取的扣押强制措施。中国已经认定海事诉讼的特殊性和专门性制定了《海事诉讼特别程序法》,特别该法引入了《1999年扣船公约》的大部分内容,而且海事法院具有专属管辖权。而韩国的假扣押制度是根据《民事执行法》,由一般法院执行假扣押船舶,没加入《1999年扣船公约》。因而,虽然中韩两国属于大陆法系国家,但是在扣押船舶关联的立法体制、管辖法院、扣押船舶的范围和程序以及其效果等方面存在不同的特点。而且,现行扣押船舶制度上存在几个问题。本论文将运用比较研究的方法,对于中韩两国的扣押船舶方面的基本法规包括扣押船舶关联国际公约,从扣押船舶的条件,程序,效果以及制度等方面进行比较分析,并提出两国扣押船舶制度的完善方案。具体来说,笔者主张：第一,随着海运企业的大型化以及海运环境的变化,应当撤销《商法》第744条的规定；第二,引入《1999年扣船公约》的内容,尽管债权属于船舶优先权,为债权保全应该允许扣押船舶；第三,为了完善扣押船舶制度,应该通过立法制定《海事诉讼法》,并设立“海事法院”。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of formal diplomatic relations in 1992, China and South Korea have become increasingly active in political, economic, cultural and other exchanges, especially in international trade and maritime cargo transport more frequently. But maritime. Maritime disputes also continued to occur, the arrest of ships also occurred repeatedly. Originally the ship belongs to movable property, but because of its particularity, it is treated as immovable property under many legal circumstances. Therefore, the preservation measures of claims can be applied accordingly. The arrest of ships is the most typical means to preserve maritime claims in order to solve maritime disputes. Arrest of a ship means that the court, on the basis of the application of the maritime claimant, takes compulsory measures of arrest on a particular vessel or the ship owned by the claimant in order to guarantee the realization of its maritime claim. China has established the Special procedure Law for Maritime Litigation, which introduces most of the contents of the Convention on arrest of ships of 1999. Moreover, the maritime court has exclusive jurisdiction, and Korea's false arrest system is based on the Civil Enforcement Law, the ordinary courts enforce the false arrest of a ship, not a party to the Convention on arrest of ships of 1999. Therefore, although China and South Korea belong to the civil law countries, there are different characteristics in the legislative system of ship arrest, the jurisdiction of the court, the scope and procedure of arrest and its effect. There are several problems in the current arrest system. This paper will use the method of comparative study, for China and South Korea, the basic laws and regulations on arrest of ships, including the international convention on the arrest of ships, from the conditions of arrest of ships, procedures. The effect and the system are compared and analyzed, and put forward the perfect scheme of the arrest system of the two countries. Specifically, the author argues that: first, along with the large-scale shipping enterprises and the changes of marine environment. The provisions of Article 744 of the Commercial Law shall be repealed; Secondly, the content of the Convention on arrest of ships of 1999 is introduced, although the creditor's rights belong to the maritime lien, the arrest of the ship should be allowed for the preservation of claims. Third, in order to perfect the arrest system, we should legislate the Maritime procedure Law and set up the Maritime Court.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.1;D931.26

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