试论亨利二世司法改革

发布时间：2018-02-12 18:59

本文关键词： 亨利二世司法改革令状巡回法院陪审制　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：12-13世纪是英国法律发生革命性变化的一个阶段，此时的英国普通法开始形成，以判例和习惯为主导的法律制度渐渐成形，，英国也开始完成从封建法治文明到现代法治文明的转变。而这一切变化的发生，都与亨利二世在位期间所进行的司法改革有着千丝万缕的联系。亨利二世结束了英国长达二十年的战乱，稳定了政治局势，采取了一列列加强王权的措施。最主要的是，他采取了许多司法改革方面的措施——完善了王室法院系统，建立了陪审制度和巡回法院制度，完成了行政令状到司法化令状的转变，通过这些改革，结束了改革前英国混乱不堪的法制局面，为英国普通法的发展打下了坚实的基础，也为未来英国法的发展指引了方向。本文将从历史背景、改革的具体措施以及改革的影响三大方面进行着手，对亨利二世进行的司法改革进行探讨和研究。导言部分主要是介绍了一下亨利二世改革的研究价值，以及为什么单单要选取他的司法改革为研究方向。文章的第一部分对亨利二世司法改革的历史背景（主要是亨利二世改革前的英国司法状况）进行了简要地介绍，亨利二世改革前，英国的司法可以说是原始落后，司法管辖权混乱，而且缺乏制度保障，在这种情况下，亨利二世的司法改革应运而生。文章的第二部分具体介绍了亨利二世司法改革的四大措施和成就——司法化令状、常设性的专职法院、巡回审判制度、陪审制度。对各项制度的内涵、来龙去脉，亨利二世对各项制度的改造及其历史意义都进行了介绍，其中对司法化令状制度的介绍着墨尤重，因为笔者认为这项制度对英国司法的影响尤为重要。文章的第三部分介绍了亨利二世司法改革的影响，这一部分主要选取了亨利二世司法改革对英国司法职业化、专业化以及对英国司法独立两方面的贡献，从中可以看到亨利二世改革对英国普通法的形成以及英国现代法治文明的发展所产生的深远影响。最后的结语部分主要是对文章的归纳和总结。即使亨利二世进行的司法改革带有一定的应急性色彩，但是并不能因此否定亨利二世司法改革对英国法所作出的杰出贡献。
[Abstract]:The 12-13 th century was a period of revolutionary change in English law, when the common law of England began to form, and the legal system, dominated by precedents and habits, gradually took shape. Britain also began to complete the transition from feudal civilization of rule of law to modern civilization of rule of law. Were inextricably linked to the judicial reforms carried out during the reign of Henry II. Henry II put an end to two decades of war in Britain, stabilized the political situation, and adopted a series of measures to strengthen Wang Quan. The most important thing is, He took many steps in the area of judicial reform-perfecting the royal court system, establishing the jury system and the circuit court system, completing the transition from an administrative writ to a judicial writ, through these reforms. It put an end to the chaotic legal situation before the reform, laid a solid foundation for the development of the common law of England, and guided the development of English law in the future. The concrete measures of the reform and the influence of the reform are carried out in three aspects, and the judicial reform carried out by Henry II is discussed and studied. The introduction mainly introduces the research value of Henry II reform. The first part of the article briefly introduces the historical background of Henry II's judicial reform (mainly the British judicial situation before Henry II's reform). Before Henry II's reform, British justice could be described as primitive backwardness, confusion of jurisdiction, and lack of institutional protection. The second part of the article introduces the four measures and achievements of Henry II's judicial reform, including judicial writ, permanent full-time court, circuit trial system, etc. The jury system. The connotation of the various systems, the history of each system, Henry II on the reform of the system and its historical significance are introduced, among which the introduction of the judicial writ system is particularly important. The third part of the article introduces the influence of Henry II judicial reform, this part mainly selects Henry II judicial reform to the British judicial professionalization. Specialization and contribution to the independence of the British judiciary, From this, we can see the profound influence of Henry II reform on the formation of common law and the development of modern law civilization in England. Finally, the conclusion is mainly about the induction and summary of the article. The judicial reform carried out with a certain degree of acutely urgent color, But this does not negate Henry II's outstanding contribution to English law.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1;DD916

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