拉兹的权威命题

发布时间：2018-02-15 09:20

本文关键词： 社会规则道德安置行动理由服务权威观　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对法律概念的回答构成了法哲学的发展史,拉兹的重要贡献在于用政治哲学中的权威概念对之予以丰富。而法律实证主义的内部争论是现代法哲学的重要一环,所以有必要在该争论的背景下考察拉兹权威命题的提出、所欲解决的问题、面对的困难,以及受到的挑战。除去引言和结论,本文分为三个部分: 第一章陈述权威命题的理论背景,主要围绕哈特和德沃金之间的争论展开,目的是为了确定权威命题在法律实证主义背景下的问题来源。哈特提出社会规则理论,认为作为社会规则的承认规则是法效力的形式来源,法律和道德之间不存在必然联系。经过德沃金对社会规则的一系列剥离,哈特将社会规则退守到惯习性规则上,将道德安置到承认规则中,由此引发法律实证主义分裂为包容性实证主义和排他性实证主义,后者主张法律的确认排除道德论证。拉兹的目的就是用权威命题捍卫排他性实证主义的立场。第二章正式讨论权威命题。拉兹首先确立法律实证主义的基础——社会命题,进而批驳只包含实效性和制度特性的弱社会命题有可能导致法律的确认要得到道德支持的危险,为此他加入来源这个概念以强化社会命题。来源命题区别于弱社会命题的显著特点是它在鉴别法律的过程中明确排除道德的作用,而来源命题要用权威命题予以支持。权威要放在实践推理中理解,拉兹因此用行动理由分析权威概念,区分了一阶行动理由和二阶行动理由,权威是一种排他性的二阶行动理由。权威的悖论是政治哲学中的理论困境,因此在讨论权威与法律关系之前必须要回答它的正当性问题。权威的悖论在于权威与自主的冲突,拉兹将自主概念转化成理性能力,用服务权威观的概念协调权威和理性能力的关系从而完成权威的正当化。而后我通过分析权威与法律具有相同的必然性特征,正式建立法律与权威的概念联系——法律必然主张正当性权威,并以权威的优位性特征否认法律确认中的道德论证,正面挑战了包容性实证主义的立场。包容性实证主义者从承认规则的道德安置与权威命题相容、质疑权威的排他性特点、权威与法律不存在必然联系三方面展开反驳。第三章分析了包容性实证主义者反驳权威命题的效果,我认为他们在接受或默认了拉兹权威正当化的前提下将精力集中在批判权威的本质上,然而他们要么把论证建立在了对拉兹权威理论概念的误解上,要么试图从经验出发质疑逻辑问题,这些反驳并不成功。我进而认为服务权威观是权威命题的核心,并用夏皮罗对服务权威观的认定和区分检视拉兹权威命题存在的不足之处:拉兹的服务权威观是一种中介模式的服务观,它以在行为人和行动理由之间的中介作用完成正当化。这种模式在自由民主的政治体制下忽视了正当程序的意义,无法保障公民参与,而公民参与是自主能力提升的体现和途径,因此服务权威观并不能解决权威的悖论。最后得出结论。
[Abstract]:The legal concept of the answer constitutes the history of the development of philosophy of law, Latz's important contribution lies in the concept of authority in political philosophy to be rich. And the internal debate about legal positivism is an important part of the modern philosophy of law, so it is necessary to put forward on the authority of Latz proposition in the context of the debate, to solve the problems, difficulties and challenges. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts:
The first chapter is about the theoretical background of the authority thesis, mainly focus on the debate between Hart and Dworkin, the purpose is to determine the authority of legal positivism in proposition under the background of the source of the problem. Hart put forward the theory of social rules, rules that are acknowledged as social rules is the law in the form of sources, there is no necessary connection between law and morality through. Dworkin on the social rules of a series of stripping, Hart retreated to the customary rules of social rules, will be relocated to the moral rules of recognition, which lead to legal positivism split into inclusive positivism and exclusive positivism, confirm the latter for the law of the excluded moral argument. Latz's purpose is to defend the exclusive positivism standpoint with the authority thesis.
The second chapter discusses the formal authority proposition. Latz first established the social basis of proposition of legal positivism, thus refuting weak social proposition contains only the effectiveness and characteristics of the system may lead to legal recognition to get the risk of moral support, so he joined the source of this concept to enhance the social proposition. Notable features from the source of weak social proposition proposition it is in the process of identification of law explicitly exclude the role of morality, and should be supported by authoritative sources of proposition proposition. The authority should be put in practice in reasoning understanding, Latz therefore action analysis of the reasons for the distinction between the concept of authority, one order and two order action action reason reason, authority is an exclusive two order reason for action. The authority of the paradox is the plight of the theory of political philosophy, therefore before discussing the relationship between the authority and legitimacy of law must answer it. Authority The paradox lies in the conflict of authority and autonomy, Latz will own concepts into a rational relationship with service ability, authority view concept Coordination Authority and rational ability to complete the legitimate authority. Then I analyze the legal authority and have the same characteristics through, is the establishment of a legal and authoritative legal concept -- the inevitable advocate the legitimacy and authority, with superior characteristics of authority denied legal confirmation of moral reasoning, positive challenge inclusive positivism stand. Inclusive positivist compatibility from the moral authority thesis placement and the rule of recognition, questioning the exclusiveness of authority, the authority and the law is not the inevitable connection three aspects to refute.
The third chapter analyzes the inclusive legal positivists refute the authority thesis effect, I think they accept the default or justification of authority under the premise of Latz will focus on the essence of criticism of authority, but they regarded the argument is based on Latz's theory of authority on the misunderstanding of the concept, try to set out from experience question logic problem these objections were not successful. I then think service authority conception is the core authority proposition, and Shapiro on the service authority conception to identify and distinguish between inspection deficiencies: Latz Latz the authority thesis service authority view is an intermediary mode of service concept, it is legitimate to complete intermediary role between people and behavior the reasons for action. Ignore this mode of due process significance in the liberal democratic political system, can not guarantee the citizen participation, and citizen participation is to enhance the ability of independent As a result, the view of service authority can not solve the paradox of authority.
Finally, the conclusion is drawn.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】