立法后评估制度的完善

发布时间：2018-02-16 22:50

本文关键词： 周期性立法后评估对抗式评估机制评估表决机制　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国特色社会主义法律体系的完善,立法学界将关注的焦点逐步转移到提高立法质量上来。其中,建立立法后评估制度是提高立法质量的重要手段。立法后评估制度在我国是一个崭新的制度,但其在法治发达国家已经实施了几十年的时间。作为立法工作的延续,我国部分省市展开了对立法后评估的实践探索,对于提高我国的立法水平和法律法规、规章和规范性文件的质量产生了重大的意义。但是我国的立法后评估并没有形成规范的统一的模式,亟需进行有效地制度整合,以期达到更好的评估效果。目前学界对于立法后评估制度化的研究与我们所需要的规范化、常态化、制度化还有一定的差距。本文对立法后评估中的分歧较大的焦点问题,和影响立法后评估进程的节点问题展开了重点讨论。本文第一章简述了立法后评估的基本构成要素,这主要包括立法后评估的内涵、理论基础和意义等。第二章阐述立法后评估的启动模式。笔者将立法后评估的启动模式分类成常规的启动模式和紧急的启动模式。在常规的启动模式中,笔者借用了“日落法律”制度,也就是法律的有效期制度。为了避免法律有效期过长导致法律修改和废止的困境,笔者又独创设计了周期性评估制度,对法律法规的合法性、有效性和可操作性进行周期性评估,以保证其适应时代发展的需要。为了防止即时发现的法律法规的重大瑕疵对公民造成的不利益,笔者在常规的立法后评估启动模式之外设计了紧急性立法后评估的提起模式。紧急立法后评估的启动需要有严格的限制,以防止评估启动的混乱。第三章讨论立法后评估主体确定问题。这一章首先讨论了建立专门的立法后评估主导机构的必要性。其次,该章讨论了立法后评估参与者的构成。在分析指出了一元评估模式和传统多元模式的不足后,提出了建立由立法者、执法者和司法者、利益相关方、专家组和中立评价方参加的对抗式评估的观点。第四章讨论立法后评估五方表决机制引入的可能性。为了防止立法主体对评估结论回应阻滞,笔者提出人大及其常委会在通过立法后评估委员会表决结果时采取“反向一致”原则。立法后评估的表决机制引入的意义在于,建立表决和法律修改、废止之间的映射关系,使立法后评估的效果落在实处。文章最后笔者提出了对立法后评估机构职能的进一步探索。由于立法后评估涉及合法性评估,而立法后评估委员会的组成人员又具有较高的权威性和知识的专业性,可以使立法后评估机构兼职违宪审查机构。由于和本论文阐述内容距离较远,笔者只是简单提出了这样的蓝图,以期对有志于此的同仁起到抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:With the perfection of the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the legislative circles have gradually shifted the focus of attention to improving the quality of legislation. Among them, The establishment of post-legislative evaluation system is an important means to improve the quality of legislation. The post-legislative evaluation system is a new system in China, but it has been implemented in developed countries with the rule of law for several decades. Some provinces and cities in China have carried out practical exploration of post-legislative evaluation, which will improve the level of legislation and laws and regulations of our country. The quality of regulations and normative documents has great significance. However, the post-legislative evaluation of our country has not formed a unified model of norms, and it is urgent to carry out effective institutional integration. In order to achieve a better evaluation effect. The current academic research on the institutionalization of post-legislative evaluation and our needs of standardization, normalization, institutionalization, there is still a certain gap. And the impact of the process of post-legislative evaluation node issues were discussed. The first chapter of this paper briefly describes the basic elements of post-legislative evaluation, which mainly includes the connotation, theoretical basis and significance of post-legislative evaluation. In the second chapter, the author classifies the startup mode of post-legislative assessment into conventional startup mode and emergency start mode. In the conventional startup mode, the author borrows the sunset law system. In order to avoid the dilemmas of law revision and repeal caused by the excessive validity of the law, the author has also designed a periodic evaluation system to the legality of laws and regulations. Periodic evaluation of effectiveness and maneuverability to ensure that it meets the needs of the times. In order to prevent the immediate discovery of major flaws in laws and regulations that do not benefit citizens, In addition to the conventional post-legislative assessment starting mode, the author designs the emergency post-legislative evaluation model, which needs to be strictly limited to prevent confusion. The third chapter discusses the problem of determining the subject of post-legislative assessment. This chapter first discusses the necessity of establishing a special post-legislative evaluation lead agency. The chapter discusses the composition of participants in the post-legislative assessment. After analyzing the shortcomings of the univariate assessment model and the traditional pluralistic model, it proposes the establishment of a system of legislators, law enforcers and judiciaries, stakeholders, The views of the panel and neutral evaluators on confrontational assessments. Chapter 4th discusses the possibility of introducing the five-party voting mechanism in post-legislative evaluation. The author puts forward that the people's Congress and its standing Committee adopt the principle of "reverse consistency" when they pass the voting results of the post-legislative evaluation committee. The significance of introducing the voting mechanism of post-legislative evaluation is to establish a mapping relationship between voting, legal amendment and repeal. The effect of the post-legislative evaluation is put into practice. At the end of the paper, the author puts forward a further exploration of the functions of the post-legislative evaluation body. Since the post-legislative evaluation involves the evaluation of legality, the members of the post-legislative evaluation committee are highly authoritative and professional. It is possible to make the post-legislative evaluation organization part-time unconstitutional review body. Because of the distance from the content of this paper, I simply put forward such a blueprint, in order to play a role in guiding the colleagues who wish to do so.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】