论专家参与立法

发布时间：2018-02-17 03:56

本文关键词： 专家立法立法机关实践完善　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：专家参与立法作为公众参与立法的一种特殊模式,在我国近些年的立法活动中受到了广泛地关注并取得了相应的实践成果。邀请不同专业领域的专家,包括理论型专家和实践型专家共同参与到立法过程中,弥补了立法机关自身力量不足的缺陷,同时也提高了立法质量。专家在立法工作中的影响力和自身的优势得到了充分的体现。让专家参与到立法活动当中是有现实的必要性和动因的,专家参与立法对我国的法律体系的构建有极其重大的意义。我国的专家参与立法在各地的立法实践中已经取得了一些成果。虽然我国目前的法律对专家参与立法活动有一定的法律依据,但是法律规定的内容比较模糊,现行的法律中并未规定专家具体以什么样的角色参与立法活动。此外,我国各地对专家参与立法的认知各有不同,对专家参与立法的模式也处于探索中,没有统一的制度和程序设计予以保障。目前我国的专家参与立法在实践中基本有三种模式：一是以立法顾问的身份参与立法活动；二是以立法助理的身份参与；三是成立专门的立法研究机构,对立法实践提出建设性的意见。专家参与立法就是应当让专家参与到立法活动的各个环节当中,尤其是对于那些技术性、专业性较强的法律规定,更需要专家的全程参与。专家在立法活动中充分发挥自身的优势和作用,对于立法规划、法案起草、法案的可行性论证、法的清理以及立法后评估等方面都有极为重要的影响。由于我国的法律并未对专家参与立法做出明细的规定,而各地对专家参与立法活动的认知和实践都不尽相同,我国的专家参与立法还存在一定的问题。如何保持专家在立法中身份的中立性,从而充分地表达公众利益,中立地帮助立法机关解决问题,而非成为利益集团或政府部门利益的代言人,这是专家参与立法过程中最需要关注的问题,而我国目前的立法实践没有相应的制度设计予以保障。同时,缺乏明确的专家参与立法的程序规定和相关的配套保障措施,如何激发专家参与立法的积极性,更好地发挥专家在立法中的作用也是需要解决的问题。本文希望通过对专家参与立法中存在问题听剖析,找到解决这些问题的方案,提出一些对我国专家参与立法予以完善的建议。
[Abstract]:As a special mode of public participation in legislation, expert participation in legislation has received extensive attention and obtained corresponding practical results in the legislative activities in recent years in China. Including theoretical experts and practical experts to participate in the legislative process, to make up for the lack of power of the legislature itself, At the same time, it also improves the quality of legislation. The influence of experts in legislative work and their own advantages are fully reflected. It is necessary and motivated to let experts participate in legislative activities. Expert participation in legislation is of great significance to the construction of our legal system. The participation of experts in legislation in our country has made some achievements in the legislative practice in various places. Although the current law of our country has a certain legal basis for experts to participate in legislative activities, the content of the legal provisions is rather vague. The current law does not provide for the specific role of experts to participate in legislative activities. In addition, the cognition of expert participation in legislation varies from place to place in China, and the mode of expert participation in legislation is also in the process of being explored. At present, there are three basic modes of expert participation in legislation in our country: one is to participate in legislative activities as a legislative adviser, the other is to participate as a legislative assistant. Third, the establishment of special legislative research institutions to provide constructive advice on legislative practice. The participation of experts in legislation means that experts should be allowed to participate in all aspects of legislative activities, especially for those who are technical. More professional legal provisions require the full participation of experts. Experts give full play to their advantages and roles in legislative activities, and demonstrate the feasibility of legislation planning, bill drafting, and bills. The clean-up of the law and the post-legislative evaluation all have an extremely important impact. Because the law of our country does not make the detailed stipulation to the expert participation in the legislation, and the cognition and the practice of the experts participating in the legislative activity are different from each other. There are still some problems in the participation of experts in legislation in our country. How to maintain the neutrality of experts in the legislation, so as to fully express the public interests and help the legislature to solve the problems in a neutral way, Not to be the spokesman of interest groups or government departments, which is the most important issue in the process of experts' participation in legislation, but the current legislative practice in our country has not been protected by corresponding system design. At the same time, Lack of clear procedures for expert participation in legislation and related safeguards, how to stimulate the enthusiasm of experts to participate in legislation, It is also necessary to solve the problems that need to be solved to give full play to the role of experts in legislation. This paper hopes to find a solution to these problems by analyzing the problems existing in the participation of experts in legislation. Some suggestions on how to improve the participation of Chinese experts in legislation are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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