明清时期田皮交易契约研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 21:27

本文关键词： 明清时期田皮田骨 “一田二主”　出处：《中国人民大学学报》2014年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：明清时期,田皮交易是土地买卖的重要形式之一,但是各级官府对其态度却有很大的差异。在分析明清时期契约中"一田二主"的表现形态并厘清其中法律关系的基础上,可得出结论,朝廷正式法典从未对田皮交易作出过调整,省级官府出于税收和社会稳定的考量,反复调整有关田皮交易的法律规范,逐步从默认转到禁止;同时,田皮交易在基层官府的放任和支持下一直处于非常活跃的状态,而且基层官府通过授权乡村基层组织的方式实现了对田皮交易的参与和监管。各级官府对田皮交易的不同态度,揭示了中国古代国家制定法与民间习惯法之间的关系,作为国家正式制度的制定法常常需要让位于非正式制度的民间习惯法,这也是明清时期田皮交易非常兴盛的重要原因之一。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Tianpi transaction was one of the important forms of land sale, but the attitude of the officials at all levels was very different. On the basis of analyzing the expression of "one farmland and two owners" in the contract in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and clarifying the legal relationship among them, It can be concluded that the official court code has never made any adjustments to the trade of farmland, and the provincial authorities, for reasons of tax and social stability, have repeatedly adjusted the legal norms relating to the transaction of farmland and gradually transferred from acquiescence to prohibition; at the same time, With the laissez-faire and support of the grass-roots government, the Tianpi transaction has been in a very active state. Moreover, the grass-roots government has realized the participation and supervision of the Tianpi transaction by empowering the rural grassroots organizations. The different attitudes of the government at all levels towards the Tianpi transaction have been realized. It reveals the relationship between the national law and the folk customary law in ancient China. As a state formal system, the formulation law often needs to give way to the informal system of folk customary law. This is also the Ming and Qing dynasties trade is very prosperous one of the important reasons.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持项目“中国农民土地权益保障法律机制研究”(NCET-12-063) 北京师范大学自主科研基金项目“中国城市化进程中土地法律问题研究”(2012WZD12)
【分类号】：K248;D929

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