美、日政府绩效评估立法对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-03-01 06:30

本文关键词： GPRA GPEA 政府绩效评估　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对行政机关权力的限制应从内部与外部入手,缺一不可,因此,行政自制作为民主和法制的支撑之一得到越来越多学者的支持与认可。行政自制并非是行政机关主观意义上的自我限制,更多意义上是对行政机关的行政行为进行一种制度上的建构,并保证行政机关合法合理的适用这一良善制度,而完善的立法对制度的施行起到了保驾护航的作用。绩效评估作为政府自我约束,自我完善,自我追求良治的一种手段,在许多国家获得了良好的实践,并且政府绩效评估法制化,制度化已成为许多国家发展绩效评估制度的一种趋势。目前,国内许多法律学者,从法律人的角度,对相对成熟完善的绩效评估立法做了详细的介绍,并对我国的相关立法进行了有益探索,主要论文有,林鸿潮的《美国政府绩效评估评述》,董幼斌的《日本政府政策评价及其对建构我国政策评价制度的启示——兼析日本政策评价法》,张红的《我国政府绩效评估立法构想》等。政府绩效评估制度在美国由来己久,并于1993年颁布了《政府绩效与结果法》,是世界范围内第一部对政府绩效评估进行全面规范的法律,成为政府绩效评估领域的代表性立法,也成为克林顿政府改革取得成功的关键。GPRA的特点可以概括为适用的普遍性,组织建构的特定性,运行的灵活性,评估的结果导向性,战略规划长短结合,法案适用的渐进性。战略规划,年度绩效规划,年度绩效报告必须在规定的时间内,以规定的程序向国会提交,国会在了解政府工作情况前,及时指导和改进政府绩效。由此,美国的政府绩效改革得以迅速推进。日本在与美国有一些相同点的基础上又有自己的特点。首先,政府绩效评估对象有一定的范畴,日本主要评估的是政府各部门在研究开发,公共事业和政府开发援助特定领域的评估。其次,日本更为注重发挥专家学者在政府绩效评估过程中的作用。再次,日本在评估过程中向公众公开,更重视透明度。最后,在政策评估方式上也并非一概而论,而是根据评估的事项不同,方式选择有所倚重。目前,国内在政府绩效评估领域的立法相对比较空白,但部分政府部门和民间组织已进行了不同程度的实践,为立法奠定了良好的基础,因此我国完全可以以成熟的法律系统为借鉴,制定出完善的法律,促进政府行政能力的提升,实现服务型政府建设的目标。
[Abstract]:From the internal and external restrictions on the administrative organ of power, therefore, are indispensable, administrative self as one of the democratic and legal support to get the support and recognition of more and more scholars. The administrative organ administrative self is not subjective sense of self limitation, more significance is to construct a system of administrative actions, and to ensure the lawful and reasonable administrative organs for the good system, and improve the legislation on the implementation of the system has played the role of escort. As the government performance evaluation of self-discipline, self-improvement, self seeking a means of good governance, obtained good practice in many countries, and the government performance evaluation system that system has become a trend for developing the system of performance evaluation. At present, many domestic legal scholars, from the legal perspective, the relatively mature and perfect. Effect evaluation of legislation in detail, and the legislation of our country has carried on the beneficial exploration, the main thesis, review of American government performance measurement > > Lin Hongchao, the Japanese government policy of Dong Youbin and Its Enlightenment for the construction of "China's policy evaluation system -- Analysis on the policy evaluation >, legislative conception Zhang Hong's < > and so on assessment of government performance in China.
The government performance evaluation system in the United States has a long history, and in 1993 promulgated the "government performance and Results Act", is the world's first to assess the performance of the government to conduct a comprehensive specification of the law, become the representative of government performance evaluation in the field of legislation, the Clinton administration reform has also become the key to success of.GPRA characteristics can be summarized as a universal application, specific organizational construction, operation flexibility, evaluation result oriented strategic planning, combined with the length, progressive bill application. Strategic planning, annual performance planning, annual performance report must be within a specified time, to the prescribed procedures submitted to Congress, Congress in the understanding of government work first, timely guidance and improvement of government performance. Thus, the government performance reform in the United States are rapidly advancing.
There are some similarities in Japan based on its own characteristics and with the United States. First of all, the government performance evaluation object of a certain category, Japan's main assessment of government departments in research and development, evaluation of public utilities and government development assistance in specific areas. Secondly, Japan is more emphasis on the role of experts and scholars in the government performance in the evaluation process. Thirdly, Japan in the evaluation process to the public, pay more attention to transparency. Finally, it is not in policy evaluation way to generalize, but according to the evaluation items of different methods are selected.
At present, China in the field of performance evaluation of government legislation is relatively blank, but some government departments and non-governmental organizations have been carried out in different degree, which laid a good foundation for legislation, so our country can completely mature legal system for reference, formulate perfect law, promote the government administrative ability, realize the goal of building a service-oriented government.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;D931.3;D922.1

【引证文献】