论法律工具主义的成因

发布时间：2018-03-01 23:09

本文关键词： 法律工具主义权力制约法治　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法律工具主义的形成有其深刻的哲学背景、深厚的理论渊源以及丰厚的实践基础。为准确揭示法律工具主义，并为当今中国的社会主义法治建设提供有益借鉴和启示，本文按“古今中外”的格局，以历史的演进为主线，以中国的文化传统为切入点，，从哲学理据、思想渊源、政治基础和现代实践四个维度阐述我国的法律工具主义，力求全面、系统地概括我国法律工具主义的形成。本文主要应用历史和比较的分析方法。追寻历史的足迹，将有助于我们更好地解决法治之路应往何处去的问题。全文共分四个部分。第一部分从先秦哲学中的法天观、道器观、性恶观三个层面阐述我国法律工具主义的哲学理据。对法天观的论述旨在阐明一种直觉形象思维所导致的理性思辨思维缺乏；对道器观的论述旨在阐明法为什么作为“器物”而不是“道理”；对性恶观的论述旨在阐明用法这一“器物”“治人”的伦理依据。第二部分选取历史上对我国法律思想产生过重要影响的两条“支流”——先秦法家和后汉儒家，从二者的法律思想角度进一步阐述我国法律工具主义的两种理论渊源。第三部分论述秦汉以来我国古代的政治体制，并在和西方古代的政治体制对比中指出，缺乏对最高权力（王权）的制约是造成法律工具主义的政治因素。最后一部分阐述社会主义下的苏联和我国的法律工具主义实践，其中对我国建国以来的法律实践，根据法律工具主义为其服务的对象不同，笔者将之分为“党本位”下的法律工具主义和“国家本位”下的法律工具主义两个不同时期，对执政党在这两个时期表现的法律工具主义分别展开论述，旨在揭示这种法律工具主义的现代实践基础。本文认为，要根除法律工具主义这一思想，首先要深化政治体制改革，其中最重要的就是使政治活动法律化；其次要培育社会自治力量，尽快完善关于人民结社和自治的办法，打破国家对社会全面管控的模式；最后要赋以司法机关更大的，至少是不低于行政机关的权力。
[Abstract]:The formation of legal instrumentalism has its profound philosophical background, deep theoretical origin and rich practical foundation. According to the pattern of "ancient, modern and foreign", taking the evolution of history as the main line and the Chinese cultural tradition as the breakthrough point, this paper expounds the legal instrumentalism of our country from the four dimensions of philosophical motivation, ideological origin, political foundation and modern practice. This paper mainly applies the historical and comparative analysis methods to trace the track of history, which will help us to solve the problem of where the road of rule of law should go. The first part is from the view of law and heaven in the philosophy of pre-Qin Dynasty, the view of Taoism and the view of organ. This paper expounds the philosophical basis of legal instrumentalism in our country from three aspects of the view of nature and evil. The purpose of the discussion is to clarify the lack of rational thinking caused by a kind of intuitive image thinking. The purpose of this paper is to clarify why law is regarded as "object" rather than "reason", and to clarify the ethical basis of its use as "object" and "rule of man". The second part is to choose the history of the law of our country. The two "tributaries" that had important influence on the thought were pre-Qin legalists and post-Han Confucianists. The third part discusses the ancient political system of our country since Qin and Han dynasties, and points out in comparison with the western ancient political system. The lack of restriction on the supreme power (Wang Quan) is the political factor that causes legal instrumentalism. The last part expounds the practice of legal instrumentalism in the Soviet Union and China under socialism, including the legal practice since the founding of the people's Republic of China. According to the different objects of legal instrumentalism, the author divides it into two different periods: the legal instrumentalism under the Party standard and the legal instrumentalism under the state standard. This paper discusses respectively the legal instrumentalism of the ruling party in these two periods in order to reveal the modern practical basis of this kind of legal instrumentalism. This paper holds that to eradicate the idea of legal instrumentalism, first of all, we should deepen the reform of the political system, the most important of which is to legalize political activities, and secondly, we should cultivate the forces of social autonomy. We should improve the methods of people's association and autonomy as soon as possible, break the pattern of the state's overall control over society; finally, we should empower the judiciary with greater powers, at least not lower than the administrative organs.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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