司法中的权衡理论研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 02:28

本文关键词： 权衡疑难案件商谈程序　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文所讨论的权衡理论是建立在哈贝马斯的商谈理论和阿列克西的法律论证理论与原则权衡理论基础之上的,用于解决法官在传统司法模式中遭遇的疑难案件与法律论证之难题的一种方法理论。十九世纪兴起的概念法学主张以涵摄的方式进行司法裁决,将已经制定好的完备的法律规范与具体的案件事实相结合,通过逻辑计算即可得出案件的结论。这种裁决方式能够避免法官在审判中创造法律,从而实现司法与立法的分离。然而进入二十世纪,随着文明的发展,社会生活的进步,利益纷争呈现多元化,反映在司法领域中,法官经常会遇到一些棘手的案件,以往的涵摄方法无法对案件中呈现的利益纷争与冲突进行评价与选择,因此遭到了许多学者的质疑和批判。利益法学弥补了概念法学的上述不足,以-种利益衡量的方式审视相关利益、表达法律价值,有助于实现判决的妥当性,然而利益法学自身也存在着先天的不足,利益衡量标准问题就是它的一个“硬伤”。权衡理论对利益衡量理论进行了适当的补充和完善,提供了一种新的思路,即通过理性的商谈对话方式对冲突的利益进行价值对比、衡量与选择,在参与主体方面实现了从法官的独白向论辩双方主体共同参与的转换,并通过程序性规定对论辩的公平性、自主性进行保障,在实现利益最大化的同时确保论辩结果即案件判决的合理性和妥当性。本文分为六个部分：第一部分,引言。这部分对本文的写作缘起、国内外研究现状、核心问题以及研究目的进行了简要的介绍。第二部分,传统司法模式面临的困境——权衡的实践需求。这部分是介绍在传统的司法模式中,法官进行司法审判会遭遇的两个方面的困境,一方面是疑难案件的困扰,另一方面是法律论证的难题。正是由于司法实践中存在以上两个方面的难题和困境,从而产生了对于权衡理论的实践需求。第三部分,权衡的历史渊源和成长背景。权衡理论是建立在利益法学的基础之上,弥补利益法学的不足,对利益法学进行补充和完善而产生的一种理论。因此,这一部分主要介绍的是概念法学的式微、利益法学的兴起以及利益法学受到的质疑和批判。权衡理论弥补了利益法学的缺陷,并进行了扩展和完善。第四部分,权衡的理论基础。权衡的理论基础主要是哈贝马斯的商谈理论和阿列克西的法律论证理论与原则权衡理论。依据哈贝马斯的商谈理论以及与之相关的真理共识论的真理标准,可以将司法过程视为一个通过交往对话而寻求共识的过程,这个过程需要依靠理想的言谈情境作为充分说理和自由论辩的保障,从而实现论辩结果合理性。阿列克西的法律论证理论与哈贝马斯的商谈理论一脉相承,对论辩的规则进行了阐述,而原则权衡理论则为大前提的选择提供了思路。第五部分,权衡的理论意蕴归结与反思。首先,从四个方面对权衡的理论义涵进行归结,试图揭示它的本质；其次,对权衡的基本特征进行再思与阐释；最后,对权衡理论的不足进行检讨,并试图做出合理的解释以打消怀疑者的顾虑。第六部分,结论。对全文进行总结。本文所欲达到的目的是通过对权衡理论的分析,对我国的司法实践产生一定的启示作用,也希望通过对权衡理论的阐述,能够为我国司法创造一个民主、高效的审判环境做出一点微薄的贡献。
[Abstract]:The trade-off theory this paper discussed the theory of legal argumentation and principles based on the discourse theory of Habermas and Alexy on the basis of the trade-off theory, a method for the theory of problem solving difficult cases encountered in traditional judicial justice mode and legal argument. In nineteenth Century the rise of the concept of law and the way of judicial adjudication Yihan. That will have formulated a complete legal norms and specific facts combined by logical computation can come to the conclusion of the case. The ruling way can avoid the judges to create the law, so as to realize the separation of judicial and legislative. However in twentieth Century, with the development of civilization, social progress, conflicts of interest the diversified, reflected in the judicial field, the judges often encounter some difficult cases, subsumtion previous methods to the case The interests of disputes and conflicts in the evaluation and selection, therefore was questioned and criticized by many scholars. The interests of law made up for the shortage of law concept, with a look at measure the interests of stakeholders, the expression of the legal value, contribute to the realization of the judgment of the appropriateness, but also has its own inherent law interests the lack of standard measure of interest is a "flawed". It is the trade-off theory and perfect the appropriate supplement the theory of balancing of interests, and provides a new way of thinking, namely through rational negotiation and dialogue on conflictinginterests value comparison, measurement and selection, in the main body to achieve a conversion participation of judges from monologue to argumentation of both parties, and the procedural provisions of the argument to guarantee fairness, independence, in achieving the maximum benefits to ensure the argument node The result is the reasonableness and appropriateness of the case judgment.
This article is divided into six parts:
The first part, introduction. This part gives a brief introduction to the origin of the writing, the current research status at home and abroad, the core issues and the purpose of the study.
The second part: the practice of the predicament needs to weigh the traditional judicial mode. This part is introduced in the traditional judicial mode, the judicial trial will encounter the two aspects of the predicament, one is the difficult cases of distress, on the other hand is the legal argumentation problem. It is because of the above two aspects the judicial practice of the existing problems and difficulties, resulting in the trade-off theory practice needs.
The third part, the historical origin and the background of trade-offs. The trade-off theory is based on the interests of the law, to make up for lack of interest law, a kind of theory to supplement and perfect the interests of law. Therefore, this part mainly introduces the concept of law is the type of micro, the rise of law and the jurisprudence of interests by questioning and criticism. The trade-off theory makes up the defect of legal interests, and was expanded and perfected.
The fourth part, the theoretical basis of trade-offs. Theoretical basis of the trade-off is mainly the theory of legal argumentation and the principle of the discourse theory of Habermas and Alexy. According to Habermas's theory of discourse theory and the consensus theory of truth truth standard, can be regarded as a judicial process and seek consensus through dialogue and communication process, the the process relies on the ideal speech situation as fully on the freedom of reasoning and protection, so as to realize the rationality of legal argumentation theory. The argument with Habermas Alexy's discourse theory and sentiments, arguments of the rule are described, and the principle of balance theory is the premise of the selection provides a train of thought.
The fifth part, the trade-off theory of meaning and reflection resolution. First, from the four aspects of meaning attributed trade-off theory, tries to reveal the essence of it; secondly, the basic features of the balance of rethinking and interpretation; finally, the lack of the trade-off theory review, and try to make a reasonable explanation to dispel sceptics worry.
The sixth part, the conclusion. A summary of the full text. The purpose is to analyze the trade-off theory, have certain enlightenment to our country's judicial practice, also hope that through the trade-off theory, to create a democracy for our country judicature, efficient judicial environment make a little contribution.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90;D916

【引证文献】