美国环境规制中的命令、激励与重构

发布时间：2018-03-04 12:51

本文选题：命令控制型规制　切入点：激励型规制　出处：《中国行政管理》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在美国,传统的以最佳可得技术为核心的命令控制型环境规制模式逐渐暴露出局限性与弊端,以经济激励和市场机制补充甚至取代命令控制模式的环境法改革方案层出不穷。本文以泡泡政策和谢弗林案为楔子,探讨作为排污权交易概念雏形的"泡泡"如何变通甚至规避了《清洁空气法》规定的新污染源审查机制,比较命令控制和经济激励两种规制模式的优劣,并在此基础上论证建立综合性规制体系的必要性、可行性,以及优化规制组合的具体改革路径。美国环境规制演变的历史进程可以为我国空气治理的完善提供有益借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the United States, the traditional command-controlled environmental regulation model with the best available technology as the core has gradually exposed its limitations and drawbacks. Environmental law reform programs that supplement or even replace the command control model with economic incentives and market mechanisms emerge in endlessly. This paper takes bubble policy and the case of Schaefflin as the wedges. This paper discusses how the "bubble", which is the embryonic concept of emission trading, adapts or evades the new pollution source review mechanism stipulated in the Clean Air Law, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two regulatory modes: command control and economic incentive. On this basis, the necessity and feasibility of establishing a comprehensive regulatory system, as well as the specific reform path of optimizing the regulatory combination, are demonstrated. The historical process of the evolution of environmental regulation in the United States can provide a useful reference for the improvement of air governance in China.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学法学院行政法所;
【基金】：中国政法大学校级青年科学研究项目“生态文明视野下保护地立法的体系化建构”(编号:16ZFQ82004)
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.6

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