黄宗羲分权思想探究

发布时间：2018-03-05 17:10

本文选题：专制　切入点：君权　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：17世纪后半期,是中国历史上一个极具特色的时期。北方游牧民族又一次以传统的铁血方式击败了中原的汉族地主阶级政权,建立了新的国家。君主专制制度被推倒了极致,并以其习惯的暴力方式实现了自我更新。在如此混乱的时代背景下,出现了一批极为杰出的思想家。他们有关国家命运,兴衰治乱,思想传承,文化演进,社会治理等方面的著述,为后世留下了极为宝贵的思想财富。而其中他们有关国家结构与君主制度等方面的论述更被中国近代民主运动家们视为中国的“启蒙思想”。黄宗羲便是这场思想变革中的一位举足轻重的人物。对黄宗羲政治法律思想的研究之所以能够历百年而不衰,主要有以下几种原因。首先,黄宗羲对君主专制的批判具有首创的深刻性,他所提出的“君主职能说”更是把民本思想发挥到了极致。其次,黄宗羲的分权制度设计具有完整的系统性。他在深刻批判君主集权的基础上对君主权力进行了可行性划分,可以卓有成效地改善权力过度集中的弊端。最后,黄宗羲的分权思想具有迎合民主实践运动的历史巧合性。通过将他的思想与西方民主思想的糅合,可以为民粹思想深重的国人所接受。本文分为四个部分,第一部分主要论述了黄宗羲分权思想形成的历史时代背景,将黄宗羲的个人经历置于明末反专制浪潮中,试图勾勒出黄宗羲思想从萌发到形成的真实过程。第二部分从思想根基和具体分权制度两方面入手,全面阐明黄宗羲分权思想的内在精神与外部构建。第三部分是在前两部分详细论述的基础上,对黄宗羲分权思想性质的界定,及对其影响的阐发。以期通过对黄宗羲分权思想的研究,得到有益于当今中国民主进程的有益成果。
[Abstract]:The second half of seventeenth Century, is China history a very unique period. The northern nomads once again in the traditional the way to defeat the Central Plains Han regime of the landlord class, the establishment of a new country. The monarchy was toppled and extreme, violent in the habit of self realized in such a chaotic update. Under the background of the times, the emergence of a number of excellent thinkers. They related to the fate of the country, governance, ideology, cultural evolution, social work and other aspects of governance, for future generations to leave a very valuable ideological wealth. And the relevant countries and their structure and other aspects of the monarchy is China the modern democracy movement were regarded as China "Enlightenment". Huang Zongxi is one of the ideological change in the pivotal character.
Research on Huang Zongxi's political and legal thinking has been able to calendar years without failure, there are several reasons. First, Huang Zongxi criticized the autocratic monarchy with profound initiative, he proposed the "monarch function" more is the thought of the people to play to the extreme. Secondly, the system has complete decentralization the system design of Huang Zongxi. Based on his profound criticism on the monarch's centralization of power in the feasibility of dividing the power of the monarch, can improve the disadvantages of very fruitful over centralization of power. Finally, Huang Zongxi's thought of separation of powers has historical coincidence to cater to the democratic practice movement. Through his thought and will combine the western democratic ideology, which can be accepted by populist thought ridden people.
This paper is divided into four parts, the first part mainly discusses the formation of Huang Zongxi thought's historical background, Huang Zongxi's personal experience in the anti authoritarian tide, attempts to outline the real process of the Huang Zongxi thought forms from germination to. In the second part, from two aspects of ideological foundation and specific decentralization system, a comprehensive set of internal spirit Huang Zongxi thought the decentralization and external construction. The third part is based on the two part of a detailed exposition on the definition of Huang Zongxi thought of separation of powers in nature, and its analysis of influence. Through the research on Huang Zongxi's decentralization thoughts get beneficial achievements in today's Chinese democratic process.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2;D092

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