美国海外投资保险制度承保条件及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-03-05 19:53

本文选题：海外投资保险制度　切入点：承保条件　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海外投资保险制度由美国于1948年首创,随后陆续被许多发达国家仿效,如日本、德国等。在海外投资保险制度中,其最首要的条件是对承保条件的确定,如果不符合承保条件,那么随后的其他程序将不存在。对于海外投资保险制度承保条件的范围,从广义上来说,它包括合格的投资者、合格的投资及合格的东道国。当前美国海外投资保险制度的承保人是美国海外私人投资公司(Overseas Private Investment Corporation, OPIC)。美国海外投资保险制度对承保条件的规定就体现在OPIC的规定当中。对于合格的投资者,美国在其海外投资保险制度的发展过程中通过对其《对外援助法》的修改而使其范围有一点变化。当前OPIC对投资者的规定是,(1)美国公民；(2)依据美国各州或其地区法律设立的公司,合伙企业或其他社团,并且利益属于美国公民；(3)外国公司股权的95%以上的控制人符合上述两条件之一的；(4)外国公司百分之百由美国控股的。美国采用“国籍标准”和“资本控制标准”比较全面的概括了美国海外投资保险制度适格投资者的范围,从而使得海外投资保险制度可以发挥其作用,最大限度的保护美国的海外私人投资,开拓国际市场。对于合格的投资东道国,美国的规定是最为详细的,OPIC在其指导书中明确规定了四项限制条件；(1)限于友好的发展中国家；(2)东道国国民人均收入低于一定程度；(3)尊重人权和国际上的工人权利；(4)与美国签订有双边投资保护协定。对于投资的界定随着美国《对外援助法》修改而对其形式作出调整。当前美国海外投资保险制度对合格投资的规定有几个标准,(1)该海外投资应该要符合美国的利益,(2)海外投资要有利于东道国的经济发展,(3)一般只限于新的海外投资,对旧企业的扩大以及现代化也可视为新的投资。我国自1979年国家提出要“出国办企业”的改革措施以来,我国海外投资发展迅速。据商务部统计,我国境内投资者共对全球122个国家和地区的2786家境外企业进行了直接投资,截至2011年2月底,我国累计非金融类对外直接投资2640亿美元。但是我国在海外投资保险制度这一块的发展远落后于对外投资的发展。当前我国承担海外投资保险业务的是中国出口信用保险公司。出口保险信用公司存在着对投资的界定太过陈旧,对合格的投资东道国等方面都规定的不够明确,对合格投保人的范围规定过于狭窄,没有将自然人这一重要的投资主体纳入其承保范围,可操作性不强的问题。
[Abstract]:The overseas investment insurance system was first established by the United States in 1948 and has been followed by many developed countries, such as Japan and Germany. In the overseas investment insurance system, the most important condition is the determination of the conditions of insurance, if it does not meet the conditions of insurance, Then other subsequent procedures will not exist. For the scope of the overseas investment insurance system, in a broad sense, it includes qualified investors, Qualified investment and qualified host country. The underwriters of the current OII insurance system are the overseas Private Investment Corporation of the United States of America. The terms and conditions of the overseas Investment Insurance system of the United States are reflected in the rules of the OPIC. For qualified investors, During the development of its overseas investment insurance system, the United States changed its scope a little by amending its Foreign Assistance Act. The current OPIC rules for investors are: 1) U.S. citizens / 2) according to the states or territories of the United States. Companies established by law, A partnership or other association, And the interests belong to US citizens / investors (more than 95%) the controller of foreign company shares meets one of the two conditions mentioned above. The foreign company 100% is controlled by the United States. The United States adopts the "nationality criterion" and the "capital control standard". The United States adopts the "nationality criterion" and the "capital control standard." It comprehensively summarizes the scope of qualified investors in the overseas investment insurance system of the United States. So that the overseas investment insurance system can play its role to maximize the protection of overseas private investment in the United States to open up the international market. For eligible host countries, The United States rules are the most detailed of all. In its directive, the OPIC specifies four restrictions (1) restricted to friendly developing countries (2) per capita income of nationals of the host country below a certain level (3) respect for human rights and international workers' rights. A bilateral investment protection agreement has been signed with the United States. The definition of investment has been adjusted as the United States Foreign Assistance Act has been amended. There are several criteria for qualified investment in the current US overseas investment insurance system. 1) the overseas investment should be in the interests of the United States. (2) overseas investment should be conducive to the economic development of the host country. (3) generally speaking, it is limited to new overseas investments. The expansion and modernization of old businesses can also be seen as new investments. China's overseas investment has developed rapidly since 1979, when the government put forward the reform measures to "go abroad to set up enterprises." according to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, Chinese domestic investors have made direct investments in 2,786 foreign enterprises in 122 countries and regions worldwide. As at the end of February 2011, China has accumulated non-financial FDI of US $264 billion. However, the development of China's overseas investment insurance system lags far behind that of outward investment. At present, China's undertaking of overseas investment insurance business is China's exports. Credit insurance companies. Export insurance credit companies have too old definition of investment. The definition of qualified investment host country is not clear enough, the scope of qualified policy holder is too narrow, and the natural person is not included in the scope of insurance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;F842.6

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