克伦威尔与华盛顿立宪思想比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 04:19

本文选题：英美宪政制度　切入点：克伦威尔　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英美宪政发展历程是人类近代政治史上一个波澜壮阔的宏大篇章,它不仅为近代西方政治学的形成提供了自然法、分权制衡、民主共和等理论,还贡献了君主立宪制、议会制、联邦制等制度模板,以及《权利法案》、《独立宣言》、《联邦宪法》(1)等法律法案的蓝本。本文以梳理克伦威尔与华盛顿的政治思想和政治实践为切入点,回顾二人在英美宪政制度初创时期所扮演的历史角色,并尝试分析克伦威尔与华盛顿历史评价相差悬殊的深层原因。本学位论文由绪论、正文和结语三个部分构成。绪论部分主要阐述本论文选题的研究目的与意义,国外与国内学术界关于英美政治制度发展历程、克伦威尔与华盛顿的生平经历与历史评价,以及近代政治学基础理论等方面的研究成果。此外还包括对于文中所涉及到的“宪政体制”、“英美宪政制度”、“英美宪政历程”等概念的定义。正文部分包括三个部分。第一部分主要是对于英美宪政制度产生背景的简要梳理,其中涉及英美宪政思想家的理论成果,英美宪政产生的经济社会背景,以及英美两国宪政制度初创时期的政治制度实践。第二部分阐释克伦威尔与华盛顿政治思想产生的背景及其主要内容,其中涉及克伦威尔担任英吉利共和国护国公和华盛顿担任美国首任总统期间的施政实践。由于克伦威尔与华盛顿均非政治理论家,并无体系化的政治学说或著作流传于世,因而从二人的政治实践中分析和整理其政治思想也就成了不二的选择。第三部分基于上文的阐释与分析,进一步比对克伦威尔与华盛顿在英美两国宪政发展初期所扮演的角色与作用,并尝试分析后世学者对于克伦威尔和华盛顿不同历史评价的成因。结语部分对全文进行总结、提炼与升华,指出克伦威尔与华盛顿在英美两国宪政初创时期在英美宪政历程中扮演不同角色的社会因素和历史必然性;同时还从个人道德品格的角度辨析二位政治家的历史地位和功过是非,以及从政治近代化与宪政体制演进的过程评析二位政治家的和政治实践。
[Abstract]:The development of British and American constitutionalism is a magnificent chapter in the modern political history of mankind. It not only provides the theories of natural law, separation of powers and checks and balances, democracy and republic for the formation of modern western politics, but also contributes to the constitutional monarchy and the parliamentary system. Federal system and other institutional templates, as well as the "Bill of Rights", "Declaration of Independence", "the Federal Constitution", and other legal bills, such as the blueprint. This article to comb Cromwell and Washington's political thinking and political practice as the starting point, Reviewing the historical role played by the two men in the initial period of British and American constitutional system, and trying to analyze the deep reasons for the disparity between Cromwell's and Washington's historical evaluation. The introduction mainly expounds the purpose and significance of this thesis, the development of British and American political system in foreign and domestic academic circles, the life experience and historical evaluation of Cromwell and Washington. In addition, it includes the definitions of the concepts of "constitutional system", "British and American constitutional system" and "the course of British and American constitutionalism". The first part is a brief review of the background of the constitutional system in the United States and the United States. It involves the theoretical achievements of the thinkers of British and American constitutionalism, the economic and social background of the emergence of British and American constitutionalism, The second part explains the background and main content of Cromwell and Washington's political thought. It involves the practices of Cromwell as protector of the English Republic and Washington as the first President of the United States. Since neither Cromwell nor Washington are political theorists, there is no systematic political doctrine or work in the world, Therefore, the analysis and arrangement of their political thoughts from their political practice has become an indispensable choice. The third part is based on the explanation and analysis above. Further comparing the roles and roles played by Cromwell and Washington in the early stages of the constitutional development of the United States and the United States, and trying to analyze the causes of the different historical assessments of Cromwell and Washington by later scholars. Refining and sublimating points out the social factors and historical inevitability that Cromwell and Washington played different roles in the process of British and American constitutionalism in the initial period of British and American constitutionalism. At the same time, from the angle of personal moral character, the author analyzes the historical position, merits and demerits of the two politicians, and comments on their political practice from the process of political modernization and the evolution of constitutional system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D909.561;D909.712

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