英国公共受托人制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 21:44

本文选题：信托　切入点：受托人　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信托是一项古老的制度，，是英美法系中最具有特色的部分。它起源于英国，伴随英国衡平法的产生而发展。一般而言，信托具有三方当事人，即委托人、受托人以及受益人。其中，受托人是最重要的信托当事人，法律上讲，他持有委托人转移于他的信托财产，并且为受益人的利益管理、运用这些财产，即所谓的“受人之托、代人理财”。随着十九至二十世纪信托法现代化发展的过程中，受托人发生了巨大的转变。例如，如何使受托人为了受益人的利益管理信托财产，防止受托人利用信托为自己谋取利益成为了信托法的重要内容。在英国信托法现代化的步伐中，公共受托人的创设是英国信托发展史上重要的一步，它开创了个人受托向法人受托的转变，从无偿受托向有偿受托的转变，从单纯的个人之间形成的信托关系向个人与法人、法人与法人之间的信托关系的转变，这些加快了英国信托业的发展。英国公共受托人制度根据1906年《公共受托人法》确立起来，此制度非英国之独创，而是借鉴于新西兰的公共受托人制度。该制度在英国之建立基于传统信托的缺陷：道德义务、自身利益和实践需要，使受托人日渐无法跟上时代的发展，导致欺诈罪的频发。信托法现代化的发展，信托数量的增加等因素，受托人因违反受托义务的责难也与之增加。伴随着霍华德·文森特爵士长期不懈的努力，从而使得公共受托人得以确立。然而公共受托人的发展却历经坎坷，经历了战争的洗礼、自身财政的起伏跌宕、内部管理的混乱、官方的不支持、外部环境的发展变化等，以及1925年《受托人法》的颁布实施，对公共受托人带来了深刻的影响。经过穆雷调查委员会和霍姆斯委员会的调查，进一步地导致办公室在1987年与其他的机构的合并，最终使英国公共受托人80年的独立存在形式宣告结束。分析公共受托人整个变迁过程，其衰落主要基于三点原因：在法律借鉴过程中的冲突性，移植新西兰的公共受托人制度时，英国做出了一些不同于新西兰的做法；公共受托人制度在英国发展的曲折性，当公共受托人处在十字路口之时，调查委员会的调查报告以及议会当局的不支持，致使公共受托人的发展身负艰难，举步维艰；公共受托人的法律传统，促使公共受托人发展缓慢，最终走向衰落。
[Abstract]:Trust is an ancient system, which is the most characteristic part of Anglo-American law system. It originated in England and developed with the emergence of British equity law. Generally speaking, trust has three parties, that is, the principal. The trustee and the beneficiary. The trustee is the most important trust party. Legally speaking, he holds the trust property transferred to him by the principal and manages it for the benefit of the beneficiary. With the modernization of trust law from 19 to 20th century, great changes have taken place in the trustee. For example, how to make the trustee manage the trust property for the benefit of the beneficiary, Preventing the trustee from using the trust to seek profit for himself has become an important content of the trust law. In the modernization of trust law in England, the creation of public trustee is an important step in the history of British trust. It creates the transition from individual trust to legal person trust, from free trust to paid trust. The transformation from the trust relationship formed between the individual and the individual to the trust relationship between the individual and the legal person and between the legal person and the legal person has accelerated the development of the trust industry in England. The British public trustee system was established in accordance with the Public Trustee Act of 1906. Instead, it draws lessons from New Zealand's system of public trustees, which is based on the defects of traditional trusts in Britain: moral obligations, self-interest and practical needs, which make trustees increasingly unable to keep up with the development of the times. That led to the high incidence of fraud, the modernization of the trust law, the increase in the number of trusts, and so on, and the fiduciary responsibility for breach of fiduciary obligations. And it was accompanied by Sir Howard Vincent's unremitting efforts over a long period of time. So that public trustees can be established. However, the development of public trustees has experienced ups and downs, experienced the baptism of war, the ups and downs of their own finances, the confusion of internal management, the lack of official support, the development and change of the external environment, etc. The promulgation of the Trustee Act on 1925 had a profound impact on public trustees. The investigation by the Murray investigation Commission and the Homs Commission further led to the merger of the Office with other institutions in 1987. Finally, the 80-year independent form of British public trustees came to an end. Analyzing the whole vicissitude process of public trustee, its decline is mainly based on three reasons: the conflict in the process of legal reference, when transplanting New Zealand's public trustee system, Britain has made some different ways from New Zealand; When the public trustees are at the crossroads, the investigation report of the commission of inquiry and the lack of support from the parliamentary authorities make the development of the public trustees difficult and difficult. The legal tradition of public trustees makes the development of public trustees slow and eventually decline.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1;DD912.28

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