民国女性的财产权利

发布时间：2018-03-12 14:25

  本文选题：民国　切入点：女性　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国女性并非自始即享有财产权利,民国时期的女性们由为家长之附庸到一步步获得对自身财产的排他所有,历经了近代史上罕见的壮烈斗争。本文既从民事静态法律入手,又从司法裁判角度展现了民国女性财产权利的变化过程,且分析了发生变化的原因,冀望可以领悟到对当今女性财产立法及司法实践有益的历史经验。 本文被分为六个部分: 第一部分:前言。介绍了本文选题的实际意义、理论意义和资料收集情况,就国内外相关课题的研究成果做了简要概括,接着阐述了本文的研究思路和研究方法,并分析了写作过程中可能遇到的创新点和难点。 第二部分:女性财产制度的相关基础理论。介绍了相关民事法源,乃以民事制定法、判例和解释例为主;分析了架构中国传统女性财产制度的支撑——家属主义、同居共财制度、宗祧继承制度;又阐述了民国民法对财产的法律结构所做的改造,包括对亲族的重新定义、对财产的重新定义、财产继承的独立。 第三部分:女儿的财产权利。分别从民初时期女儿受限的财产承受权、1927—1931年最高法院对女儿继承权的抵制、1931年以后女儿获得法定继承权这三个连续的历史时期中女儿财产权利的实际样态,展现了女儿逐渐获得与男儿平等财产权利的过程,但与此同时女儿们仍然不能摆脱相当部分民间惯行对其权利的潜在限制。 第四部分:妻的财产权利。首先从以联合财产制为主的民国夫妻财产制度的成型,分析了妻的法定财产制名不副实;接着介绍了妻由承夫分权到名正言顺的财产继承权的变化,但实际上民国民法并未赋予她们其所声称的那样多的权利。 第五部分:妾的财产权利。笔者首先选取民初时期妾享有遗赠受领权和对于过错损害赔偿的请求权两方面,独辟财产权利方面妻不如妾的蹊径;其后针对妾的受养赡权,分别探讨其于民初和南京国民时期的表现,亦得出民国民法并未发挥出有如其宣扬的助益的结论。 第六部分:民国时期女性财产权利发生变化的原因及评价。首先从政治因素、法律近代化和妇女解放运动的影响三方面介绍了原因;接着分别对大理院时期和最高法院时期,均以变中求存的方式立法和司法两个层面做出评价,认识到法律的近现代化乃是融合继受性法文化、扬弃传统性法文化、创新时代性法文化的多重过程,法律的进化仍需要立法者、司法者乃至一般国民的深刻思考。
[Abstract]:Chinese women do not enjoy property rights from the beginning. In the period of the Republic of China, the women from the vassal of the parents to the gradual acquisition of exclusive ownership of their own property have experienced a feisty struggle rarely seen in modern history. This article begins with the civil static law. From the angle of judicial judgment, it also shows the changing process of women's property rights in the Republic of China, and analyzes the causes of the changes, hoping to understand the historical experience beneficial to the legislation and judicial practice of women's property. This paper is divided into six parts:. The first part: preface. It introduces the practical significance, theoretical significance and data collection of this thesis, summarizes the research results of related topics at home and abroad, and then expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper. It also analyzes the creative points and difficulties that may be encountered in the process of writing. The second part: the related basic theory of the women's property system. It introduces the relevant civil law source, mainly takes the civil law, the case law and the explanation example, and analyzes the support of the Chinese traditional women's property system-family doctrine. Cohabitation and joint financial system, the system of patriarchal inheritance, and the reform of the legal structure of property made by the civil law of the Republic of China, including the redefinition of the family, the redefinition of the property and the independence of the inheritance of the property. Part three: the daughter's property right. From the daughter's limited right to inherit property in the early Republic of China, the Supreme Court boycotted the daughter's inheritance right from 1927 to 1931. After 1931, the daughter obtained the legal inheritance right in the three successive historical periods. The actual state of the daughter's property rights, It shows that daughters are gradually gaining equal property rights with men, but at the same time, they are still unable to get rid of the potential restrictions on their rights that a considerable part of the civil society habitually practices. Part 4th: wife's property right. Firstly, from the formation of the property system of the Republic of China, the author analyzes that the legal property system of the wife is not true to the name; Then it introduces the change of wife's right of inheritance from husband to right of inheritance, but in fact the civil law of the Republic of China does not give them as many rights as they claim. Part 5th: the property rights of concubinage. Firstly, the author chooses two aspects: the right to bequeath to concubinage and the right to claim compensation for fault damage in the early period of the Republic of China, and the wife's property right is not as good as that of concubine, and then the right to be supported by concubine is not as good as that of concubine. This paper discusses its performance in the early Republic of China and the Nanjing National period, and draws the conclusion that the civil law of the Republic of China did not play the helpful role it preaches. Part 6th: the reasons and evaluation of the changes of women's property rights in the Republic of China. Firstly, it introduces the reasons from the political factors, the modernization of law and the influence of the women's liberation movement, and then introduces the Dali Yuan period and the Supreme Court period, respectively. Both the legislation and the judicature are evaluated in the way of seeking survival in the course of change, and it is recognized that the near modernization of law is a multiple process of merging the culture of law of inheritance, of sublation of traditional culture of law and of innovating the culture of law of the times. The evolution of law still needs the profound thinking of legislators, judiciaries and even ordinary people.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923;D929

【引证文献】

中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前2条

1 李丹丹;民国时期女子财产继承权法律实践的研究[D];天津商业大学;2013年

2 孟宪莹;《大公报·妇女与家庭》的妇女解放观研究[D];黑龙江大学;2013年

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本文编号：1601953