美国国家安全视野中的突发公共卫生事件对策研究（1992-2008）

发布时间：2018-03-13 08:17

本文选题：突发公共卫生事件　切入点：美国政府　出处：《东北师范大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类与传染病的斗争已有上千年的历史,天花、黑死病、1918年纽约大流感都在人类的历史上刻下了阴森森的恐惧。突发公共卫生事件除去这种自然爆发的形态以外,有些传染病的病毒如天花、霍乱也可以成为生物战剂,变成战争武器,即生物武器,其目的就是“蓄意疾病”,它对战后尤其是冷战后的美国政治安全、军事安全、经济安全和公共安全构成了越来越大的威胁。冷战的结束使新的因素不断被注入到国家安全问题中来,从而不断衍生出新的问题和矛盾,由传染病所引发的突发公共卫生事件和生物恐怖主义,对各国国家安全政策的制定产生了深远的影响。美国作为冷战后唯一的超级大国,其国家安全受非传统国家安全因素的影响最为深远。“9.11”及之后的炭疽杆菌事件,将美国国家安全的内涵由传统意义上的政治、军事安全扩展到经济安全、生态安全、资源安全、信息安全、文化安全、公共安全、科技安全、食品安全等诸多领域,生物恐怖所导致的突发公共卫生事件从根本上改变了美国国家安全政策的发展轨迹。本文选取1992-2008年这一时期美国国家安全视野中的突发公共卫生事件对策研究作为研究题目,试图利用美国政府的公开文档、解密文档及相关的研究成果,探索从克林顿政府到乔治·W·布什政府这一时限内美国国家安全视野中突发公共卫生事件对策的发展进程。从而揭示出由传染病引发的突发公共卫生事件对美国国家安全政策的巨大影响；作为双方构建的结果,美国国家安全政策又在何种程度、以何种方式影响了美国政府突发公共卫生事件应对政策的制定。本文采用史论结合、点面结合、微观视角与宏观视角相结合以及比较的研究方法,拟达到四个研究目的：(1)通过对克林顿政府和乔治·W·布什政府应对突发公共卫生事件政策的阐述和分析,探求异同,揭示出其发展变化的规律；(2)通过对突发公共卫生事件与美国国家安全二者之间关系的考察,探究突发公共卫生事件与美国国家安全政策相互影响、相互构建过程；(3)通过考察美国政府内部各应急管理部门对应对突发公共卫生事件的不同主张,揭示出美国各政治势力对应对突发公共卫生事件政策和美国国家安全政策制定的影响力；(4)通过对1992年至2008年美国应对突发公共卫生事件政策研究中的一些案例分析,进一步探讨相关的国际关系理论的发展。
[Abstract]:Human struggle against infectious diseases has been going on for thousands of years. Smallpox, the Black death, and in 1918 the New York pandemic has engraved a grim fear in human history. Public health emergencies aside from this natural outbreak, Some infectious diseases such as smallpox, cholera can also become biological warfare agents, become weapons of war, that is, biological weapons, its purpose is "deliberate disease," it is post-war, especially after the cold war, the political security of the United States, military security, Economic and public security pose an increasing threat. With the end of the cold war, new factors are constantly being injected into national security issues, thus creating new problems and contradictions. Public health emergencies and bioterrorism caused by infectious diseases have had a profound impact on the formulation of national security policies. Its national security is most profoundly affected by non-traditional national security factors. The September 11 incident and the subsequent anthrax incident extended the connotation of American national security from traditional political and military security to economic security, ecological security, and resource security. Information security, cultural security, public security, science and technology security, food security and many other fields, The emergent public health events caused by bioterrorism have fundamentally changed the development trajectory of the national security policy of the United States. In this paper, the countermeasures of public health emergencies in the field of national security from 1992 to 2008 are selected as the research topics. Trying to use the U.S. government's public documents, declassified documents, and related research results, To explore the development process of the public health emergency response in the national security vision from the Clinton administration to the George W. Bush administration, thus revealing the impact of infectious diseases on public health emergencies in the United States. The enormous impact of home security policies; As a result of the two sides' construction, what extent and how did the national security policy of the United States affect the formulation of the policy of the United States government to deal with public health emergencies. A combination of microscopic and macro perspectives and comparative research methods, designed to achieve four research objectives: 1) through the elaboration and analysis of the Clinton administration and George W. Bush administration's policies to deal with public health emergencies, the similarities and differences are explored. By examining the relationship between public health emergencies and national security in the United States, this paper explores the interaction between public health emergencies and national security policies in the United States. By examining the different opinions of various emergency management departments within the United States Government on responding to public health emergencies, This paper reveals the influence of various American political forces on the policy of responding to public health emergencies and the formulation of national security policy. Through some case studies from 1992 to 2008, this paper makes a case study on the policy of responding to public health emergencies in the United States. To further explore the development of relevant international relations theory.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D971.2

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