哈耶克法治思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 04:13

本文选题：理性　切入点：自生自发秩序　出处：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自由是人类追求的终极理想，而法治是在各种方式经过角逐后人类选择实现理想的最佳方式。在西方法哲学史上，对法治的关注由来已久，取得了不少成绩。但其中结合自由和法治，以其不同一般的理论体系来研究法治的唯有哈耶克。哈耶克吸取了奥地利学派和古典自由主义的思想，以无知的知识观和有限理性为逻辑起点，建立在对建构理性主义的批判之上，提出了其独特的进化论理性主义，而进化论理性主义演化的产物便是作为哈耶克整个理论基础的自生自发秩序，哈耶克结合“个人”私域论证了自生自发秩序较一般秩序对自由助益的优越性。接着哈耶克在确立“规则”范式的前提下，将自生自发秩序引入了社会范畴而阐发了其“文化进化”的命题，，同时在“自然和人为”的错误划分上论证了社会进化一元观的谬误，阐述了社会进化二元规则，并在对法律实证主义批判的基础上，而最终为其法治思想的生成提供了内在的理路。然而，哈耶克的法治思想在20世纪60年代后发生了转换，从原本信奉的“法典化”法治观转换为“普通法”法治观，在总结这两种不同法治观和分析其转换的原因后，我们洞见到哈耶克法治思想的大体框架和基本内容。同时，正因为哈耶克法治思想的独创性和对传统观点的叛逆，从一开始提出来就遭到学者们批判性的关注，但是却无法撼动其作为20世纪新自由主义思潮代表人物的地位。在我国法治建设的关键时刻，研究和借鉴哈耶克的法治思想，不仅为我国的法治建设提供独特理论视角，更重要的是对我国法治建设特别是司法改革具有启示意义。
[Abstract]:Freedom is the ultimate ideal pursued by human beings, and the rule of law is the best way for human beings to realize their ideals after various means of competition. In the history of western philosophy of law, attention to the rule of law has been around for a long time. But the only way to study the rule of law by combining freedom and the rule of law with its different general theoretical system is that Hayek Hayek absorbed the Austrian school and classical liberalism. Taking the ignorant view of knowledge and limited rationality as the logical starting point and based on the criticism of the constructive rationalism, this paper puts forward its unique evolutionary rationalism. And the product of evolution of Evolutionism is the spontaneous order, which is the basis of Hayek's whole theory. Hayek demonstrates the superiority of spontaneous order over general order in the private sphere of "individual". Then Hayek establishes the paradigm of "rules". This paper introduces the spontaneous order into the social category and expounds its proposition of "cultural evolution". At the same time, it demonstrates the fallacy of the unitary view of social evolution in the wrong division of "nature and man", and expounds the dualistic rules of social evolution. And on the basis of criticizing the positivism of law, it finally provides an internal rational way for the formation of his thoughts on the rule of law. However, Hayek's thought on the rule of law changed after 1960s. After summing up the two different views on the rule of law and analyzing the reasons for their transformation, we can see the general framework and basic contents of Hayek's thoughts on the rule of law. It was precisely because of Hayek's originality in the rule of law and his rebellion against traditional views that from the very beginning he was critically concerned by scholars. However, it can not shake its status as a representative figure of neoliberal trend of thought in 20th century. At the critical moment of the construction of rule of law in China, studying and drawing lessons from Hayek's thought of rule of law not only provides a unique theoretical perspective for the construction of rule of law in our country. What is more important is to our country rule of law construction, especially the judicial reform has the enlightenment significance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

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