宋代“鞫谳分司”:“听”“断”合一与分立的体制机制考察

发布时间：2018-03-19 14:42

本文选题：“鞫谳分司”　切入点：“推驳”　出处：《社会科学辑刊》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：宋代府州一级审判一般有推勘、录问、检法、拟判、审核、判决六道程序。"推驳(推正、驳正)"制度是理解当时司法程序的枢纽。法司"驳正"与录问"驳正"针对府州鞫司的"鞫狱不当"。鞫司针对下级机构的"推正"和府州内诸鞫司之间互相移推是"推正"的二种类型,宋代法律从正面直接规定了录问官的驳正权。"定夺驳正"主要是针对"入人死罪"的情形。其上的幕职官及通判以"定夺"程序纠正"检法不当",而不是"别推"。"定夺驳正"是"当职官"以程序权力"驳正"冤案。开封府幕职官以推鞫为业,对刑事案件有建言权。"鞫谳分司"不排斥长官与副职参与,有长贰参与的聚议制度是长官制体制大背景所引致的必然结果,也是展示各方意见的好平台,可供长官做最后定夺。关注鞫、谳之外的其他程序,包括录问官与录问程序,幕职官的角色与作用等,不忽略其他官员或机构的存在和贡献,是正确、适度评价"鞫谳分司"及鞫谳双方作用所必须坚持的立场,"鞫谳分司"是我国古代"听""断"合一与分立的重要体制。
[Abstract]:In the Song Dynasty, there were six procedures for prefectural first-level trials, such as inquiring, recording, examining, preparing, examining, and judging. "push (push and correct)," he said. The system is the hub of understanding the judicial process at that time. The law department "refutes the justice" and the record "refute" is directed at the "improper prison" of the prefectural department. Are two types of "pushing straight", The law of the Song Dynasty directly stipulated the right of rebuttal of the interrogators. "the decision to refute the right" is mainly aimed at the situation of "the crime of entering the death penalty". The curtain officials and the general subpoenas use the procedure of "determination" to correct the "improper examination law" instead of "don't push it". "..." decision to refute justice "is a case of" rebuttal "with procedural power. Kaifeng's office officials are engaged in pushing. Having the right to advise on criminal cases. The "division of the departments and departments" does not exclude the participation of the Chief Executive and his deputy. The system of gathering and discussion with the participation of the Chief Executive is an inevitable result resulting from the background of the system of the Chief Executive system, and it is also a good platform for showing the opinions of all parties. For the Chief Executive to make a final decision. It is correct not to overlook the existence and contribution of other officials or organizations, including the procedures of interrogators and interrogators, the role and role of screen officers, and so on. It is an important system of "listening" and "breaking up" in ancient China to properly evaluate the position which must be adhered to in the role of "division of department" and "division of departments" and the role of "division of departments" and "division of departments" in ancient China.
【作者单位】：沈阳师范大学;吉林大学法学院;沈阳师范大学法律文化研究中心;中国法律史学会;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDC023) 辽宁省教育厅哲学社会科学重大基础理论研究课题
【分类号】：D929

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