我国父母监护权撤销制度的法社会学研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 08:08

本文选题：未成年人　切入点：父母监护权　出处：《重庆工商大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：父母监护权撤销制度是针对未成年人父母或父或母在不履行监护职责,或是损害未成人的合法权益时,经有关人员或单位的申请,由法院撤销其父母的监护权的一种制度。虽然我国早已在相关法律中规定了这一制度,但在我国的司法实践中几乎无人问津。近年来,社会上频频爆出父母虐待未成年人的事件,引发了全社会的广泛讨论。为了更好地维护未成年人的合法权利,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、民政部联合发布《关于依法处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为若干问题的意见》,专门指导有关部门处理监护侵害案件。该意见已经在我国投入实践有2年多的时间,对我国的未成年人权益的保护起到了重要的作用。但与此同时,在实践中也暴露该制度的一些不足。本文采用法社会学的研究视角,将父母监护权撤销制度落在社会的实践中,发现其运用中存在问题,并通过对相关案例的回顾分析,发现就我国目前的实际操作中,父母监护权撤销制度在其运行的四个环节中都有着不同的难题,表现在发现时,传统文化思想的固有观念导致人们普遍缺乏保护未成年人监护权益的意识;审理时,在立法层面缺乏细致全面的法律规定让父母监护权撤销制度做到有法可依;安置时缺乏专业的未成年人保护体系确保未成年人能够得到全面的照料;最后在监督问题上,未建立统一的国家监护监督制度从而致使未成年人的新生活缺乏保证。为了使我国父母监护权制度撤销中存在的问题得到有效的解决,笔者建议从以下几点出发,完善我国的父母监护权撤销制度:第一,进行保护未成年人权益的思想普及,转变民众的传统思想,提高人民保护未成年人权益的法律意识;第二,对父母监护权撤销制度进行制度完善,通过补充父母监护权撤销制度的相关原则、扩大申请人的主体资格范围、将父母侵犯未成年人财产权益纳入撤销其监护资格的法定事由、严格把控提起恢复父母监护资格的标准等方面的制度完善;第三,在未成年人“安置”的环节中,国家进行宏观调控,指导有关部门落实具体制度;同时加快未成年人救助保护机构的建设,并激发社会组织活力,加强国家机关与社会团体合作来确保未成年人能够得到高质量的安置;最后,通过设立统一的国家监护监督制度以此来避免未成年人受到二次伤害。
[Abstract]:The system of revocation of parental custody is directed at the application of the person or unit concerned when the parent or parent of a minor fails to perform the duties of guardianship or impairs the legitimate rights and interests of the minor, A system whereby custody of his parents is annulled by the courts. Although this system has long been established in the relevant laws, it has hardly been followed in judicial practice in our country in recent years, In order to better safeguard the legal rights of minors, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, The Ministry of Civil Affairs has jointly issued the opinions on dealing with certain issues concerning the violation of the rights and interests of minors by guardians according to law, and has specifically instructed relevant departments to handle cases of guardianship violations. This opinion has been put into practice in China for more than two years. It has played an important role in the protection of the rights and interests of minors in our country, but at the same time, it has also exposed some shortcomings of the system in practice. It is found that there are some problems in its application, and through the review and analysis of relevant cases, it is found that in the actual operation of our country, there are different problems in the four links of the operation of the revocation system of parental custody, which is manifested in the discovery. The traditional cultural ideas lead to the general lack of consciousness of protecting the rights and interests of minors guardianship, the lack of detailed and comprehensive legal provisions in the legislative level to enable parents to revoke guardianship system to achieve a legal basis; The lack of a professional system for the protection of minors at the time of placement ensures that minors receive comprehensive care; finally, on the issue of supervision, In order to effectively solve the problems existing in the revocation of the parental custody system in China, the author suggests to proceed from the following points. To improve the revocation system of parental custody in China: first, to popularize the idea of protecting the rights and interests of minors, to change the traditional thinking of the public, and to raise the people's legal awareness of protecting the rights and interests of minors; second, To perfect the system of revocation of parental custody, to expand the scope of the subject qualification of the applicant by supplementing the relevant principles of the revocation system of parental custody, and to bring parents' infringement of the property rights and interests of minors into the statutory cause of revocation of their guardianship qualifications. Third, in the "placement" of minors, the state carries out macro-control to guide the relevant departments to implement the specific system; At the same time, we should speed up the construction of relief and protection institutions for minors, stimulate the vitality of social organizations, and strengthen the cooperation between state organs and social organizations to ensure that minors can be placed in high quality. Finally, Through the establishment of a unified national guardianship supervision system to avoid secondary injury to minors.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D90-052

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