基于合法性价值的法概念研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 20:16

本文选题：法概念　切入点：合法性价值　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法概念问题——也就是“什么是法律”的问题——是法哲学的核心议题。这个问题之所以古老和重要,端在于作为法律实践反思结构的合法性价值之规范证立性。合法性价值指涉的是法律实践自身的本旨或理性。围绕合法性价值而产生的竞争性诠释塑造了不同的法律概念观,一种适格的概念理论即是以一种内在参与者的视角来提出和确证何种合法性观念是最值得辩护的。以近三十多年以来法律实证主义与德沃金的理论论辩为背景,根据法概念与合法性价值的问题联结,我们可以用效率、公平以及整全性三种合法性价值来组织有关法律之概念本质的思考。其中,一方面,不同的合法性价值直接会导致对实证主义来源命题的支持和反对;另一方面,对合法性价值独特性的准确理解又有赖于合法性环境这个概念工具。按照这两个思路,以效率为中心的合法性价值强调,法律的本旨在于通过可预期性和合理规划的方式来确保对行为的指引以及促进社会合作。效率价值为实证主义的来源命题提供了道德证立。此其一。其二,以公平为中心的合法性价值认为,法律的本旨在于运用公平程序解决广泛存在于现代社会的合理分歧。然而,基于民主多数决的公平论证是失败的,其偏颇地依赖于决定程序而忽略了审议程序;对理性审议程序的强调则导致公平价值不再支持实证主义的来源命题。其三,以整全性为中心的合法性价值主张,法律的本旨在于政府以一个声音说话,以一个具原则性且融贯的方式来行动,进而以平等关怀和尊重的正义原则来完成全社会的价值统合。实际上,合法性作为一种价值概念,其毋宁反映了法治这一政治理念。以合法性价值为主轴的法概念探究其实也是在直接回答法治问题,法律和法治应该放在一起来综合思考。有鉴于此,效率、公平以及整全性三种合法性价值与形式法治观、程序法治观以及实质法治观可以建立一一对应的关系。在这个意义上,对三种合法性价值的判定也就是重新梳理和思考形式法治观、程序法治观和实质法治观三种法治观念。基于对现代社会之多元复杂性的诊断,我们认为完全着重于法律的来源与形式的实证主义及形式法治观所提供的是一种不充分的法律想象。相反,程序法治观和德沃金的实质法治观则敢于面对价值多元和合理分歧的合法性环境,从而把以正义原则为内容的程序性理由论辩许诺为法律的核心本质。当然,这个法律的想象并没有完全舍弃法律的制度性来源和法治的形式品质,因为在日常政治的条件下,法律的制度性来源是原则重构的依据,法律的权威颁布则使程序性理由论辩获得实在的形式。因此,一种充分的法律概念理论需要把法律的形式性道德、程序性道德以及实质性道德贯通起来。概言之,在多元复杂的现代社会下,法律的价值或本旨乃是在既有制度和历史的基础上,透过程序性的理由论辩,找到一种公共正义观念并且是最佳的公共正义观念来代表共同体。只有透过形式性的来源、程序性的理由论辩以及实质性的正义原则这三个面向,我们才能把握法治这一政治理想,以及法律概念的本质属性。
[Abstract]:Law concept -- "what is law" -- is the core issue of philosophy of law. This problem is ancient and important, as is the end of normative legitimacy value of legal practice reflection structure of justification of legitimacy. The value refers to the legal practice of the purpose or reason itself. The interpretation of competition the value of legality have created different legal concept, a concept lattice theory is in a perspective of internal participant proposed and confirmed the legitimacy of what the concept is worth defending.
Nearly thirty years since the theory of argumentation of legal positivism and Dworkin as the background, according to the connection of the concept of law and the legitimacy of value problem, we can use efficiency, fairness and integrity on the three legal value to organize concepts related to essential law. Among them, on the one hand, the legitimacy of different values will directly lead to the source of support and oppose proposition of positivism; on the other hand, to understand the unique value of the legitimacy and legitimacy depends on the concept of environment tools. According to these two ideas, legal value for efficiency that law aims at the predictability and reasonable planning to ensure the the guidance and promotion of social cooperation. Efficiency provides a moral justification for the value proposition of positivism. The source of this one. Second, the legitimacy of the center for fair value to that method The purpose of law lies in the reasonable use fair procedure to solve differences exist widely in modern society. However, the majority of democratic fair argument is based on a failure, the bias depends on the decision procedure and ignore the deliberation procedure; to emphasize the rational deliberation procedure leads to the fair value of the source of legal positivism is no longer supported. Third, the legitimacy of the value proposition to the whole of the center for the purpose of the law, the government speak with one voice, in a principled and consistent way to act on the principle of justice and equal concern and respect to the end value of the whole society integration.
In fact, legitimacy as a value concept, it should reflect this idea of political legitimacy to the rule of law. As the main method of value concepts is in fact answer legal problems directly, law and rule of law should be put together comprehensive thinking. Therefore, efficiency, fairness and integrity of the three legal value with the form of the concept of the rule of law, rule of law and the essence of the concept of rule of law in view of the program can establish a one-to-one relationship. In this sense, to judge the legitimacy of the three value is re combing and thinking form the concept of the rule of law, procedure law concept of three kinds of the concept of the rule of law and essence of the concept of rule of law.
Diagnosis of the modern society based on the multiple complexity, we think that the rule of law and forms of positivism and form completely focuses on the legal concept provides a sufficient legal imagination. On the contrary, the procedural rule of law and Dworkin's concept of the rule of law is the courage to face the essence of value pluralism and legal environment and reasonable differences. The principle of justice for the content of the program is the core essence of legal argumentation for promise. Of course, this law does not completely abandon the thought of legal system and rule of law in the form of the source of quality, because in everyday political conditions, institutional sources of law is the principle of reconstruction based on the authority of the law is promulgated the procedural reason argument actual form. Therefore, a concept of law theory need to fully legal form of moral, moral and procedural substantive moral breakthrough . in a word, in modern society, diverse and complex, the value of the law or the purpose of which is in the foundation of existing institutional and historical reasons, through the procedures of the argument, to find a public conception of justice is also the best public conception of justice to represent the community. Only through the source form of reason, argument program the principle of justice and substantive these three aspects, we can grasp the rule of the political ideal and legal concept of nature.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

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