宋代的土地流转制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 20:44

本文选题：宋代　切入点：土地　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宋代的商品贸易非常活跃，商品经济发达，国家经济的调控不断加强，特别是对土地的调控。土地自古以来都是人类最基本的生产资料，因此历朝历代的统治者对土地问题的都采取了比较谨慎的态度。随着唐朝后期均田制的瓦解，国家对土地的控制力逐渐减弱，土地的兼并日益严重。到了宋朝，统治者实行“不抑兼并，不立田制”的土地政策，致使土地兼并日益严重，土地权利的流转加快，土地的集中程度越来越高。两宋是私有制经济和商品经济高度发展的历史时期，为不动产的土地，已成为大宗的交易商品，有钱有势的官僚地主大肆的收买土地，是土地集中在少数人手里。在古代社会，国家的收入主要的来源就是通过征收赋税、地租等，但是宋朝的土地多掌握在官僚地主的手里，因此宋朝的赋税、田租等地上交掌握在官僚地主手里，因此国家的财政收入受到了严重的影响。针对这一情况，统治者对土地的交易采取了一系列的限制，在一定程度上起到了土地的兼并。另一方面，土地的买卖导致了土地的高度集中，从而一部分农民占有很少的土地，或者没有土地，从而使宋代的租佃制度得到发展。土地租佃制度的发展使土地的使用权和占有权得以分离，从而使土地的使用权可以独立的进行流转，从而提高了土地的利用效率，在一定程度上提高了农民生产的积极性，从而促进了农业的生产。宋朝统治者推行的土地制度，，导致了土地所有权和土地使用权的加速流转，通过对土地的买卖和租佃过程中产生的问题进行分析，使我们可以更加清晰的了解宋代的社会经济的发展，对宋朝以后的历朝历代的研究也起到了一定的作用，对当今的土地问题也有一定的借鉴意义。本文主要通过三个方面对问题进行了探讨：第一部分是宋代土地所有权流转制度，首先对土地流转的方式进行了探讨；紧接着论述了土地流转的一般程序，最后对土地流转过程中的纠纷解决进行了探讨。第二部分是宋代土地使用权流转制度，主要从土地租佃制度、永佃权制度和占佃权制度三个个方面进行阐述。第三部分是土地流转制度的影响，主要是从四个方面来论述，首先是土地私有化程度不断提高；其次是所有权转移频繁；再次是土地集中和兼并严重；第四是土地所有权和使用权的分离；最后是土地权利主体范围的扩大。
[Abstract]:The commodity trade in the Song Dynasty was very active, the commodity economy was developed, and the national economic regulation and control was constantly strengthened, especially on the land. Land has been the most basic means of production for mankind since ancient times. As a result, the rulers of successive dynasties took a more cautious approach to the land issue. With the collapse of the land system in the late Tang Dynasty, the state's control over the land gradually weakened, and the annexation of land became increasingly serious. By the Song Dynasty, The rulers implemented the land policy of "not restraining annexation and not establishing farmland system", which led to the increasingly serious land annexation and the quickening of the circulation of land rights. The concentration of land became higher and higher. The Song Dynasty was a historical period in which the private ownership economy and the commodity economy developed highly. Land for real estate had become a major trading commodity, and the rich and powerful bureaucrat landlords had wantonly bought the land. Land is concentrated in the hands of a small number of people. In ancient society, the main source of national income was the collection of taxes, land rents, and so on, but the land of the Song Dynasty was mostly in the hands of bureaucratic landlords, so the taxation of the Song Dynasty. Land rentals and other land transfers are in the hands of bureaucratic landlords, so the state's financial revenue is seriously affected. In response to this situation, the rulers imposed a series of restrictions on land transactions. On the other hand, the purchase and sale of land led to a high concentration of land, so that some farmers had little or no land. Thus, the tenancy system of Song Dynasty was developed. The development of land tenancy system separated the right to use land from the right of possession, so that the right to use land could be transferred independently, thus improving the efficiency of land use. To a certain extent, the enthusiasm of farmers' production was increased, thus promoting agricultural production. The land system implemented by the rulers of the Song Dynasty led to the accelerated circulation of land ownership and land use rights. Through the analysis of the problems arising in the process of land sale and tenancy, we can have a clearer understanding of the social and economic development of the Song Dynasty, which has played a certain role in the research of successive dynasties since the Song Dynasty. It also has certain reference significance to the present land problem. This article mainly through three aspects carries on the discussion to the question:. The first part is the system of land ownership transfer in Song Dynasty. Firstly, it discusses the way of land transfer; then discusses the general procedures of land transfer, and finally discusses the settlement of disputes in the process of land transfer. The second part is the transfer system of land use right in Song Dynasty, mainly from three aspects: land tenancy system, permanent tenancy right system and occupation tenancy right system. The third part is the impact of land transfer system, mainly from four aspects, first, the degree of land privatization continues to improve; secondly, the transfer of ownership is frequent; again, land concentration and annexation are serious; The fourth is the separation of land ownership and right of use, and finally, the expansion of the scope of the subject of land rights.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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