荀子“分”思想的法哲学分析

发布时间：2018-03-24 12:47

本文选题：荀子　切入点：分　出处：《重庆大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：目前学界关于荀子“分”思想的全面体系性研究尚付阙如。本文以荀子“分”思想为研究主题，力求通过对文本的分析、提炼和阐释，从法哲学的视角揭示荀子“分”思想的基本面相和体系构成，并阐明其当下意义。全文共分为九个部分。第一章导论部分围绕“为何以及如何研究荀子的‘分’思想”这一问题展开论述，力图阐明“为何研究”以及“如何研究”荀子“分”思想这两个问题。第二章首先研究了“分”的语源和词义，揭示了其形式上的变迁过程，继而对作为法哲学范畴的“分”的含义变迁情况进行了考析。第三章从纵、横两个维度对先秦时期“分”思想的总体图景进行了一个全景式分析。从纵的方面来说，先秦时期的“分”思想经历了孕育、萌生、兴盛的发展过程；从横的方面来说，先秦诸子的“分”思想可以梳分为“无分”、“有分”和“非分”三种类型。这一部分的讨论意在为之后全面研讨荀子的“分”思想提供一个富有立体感的思想背景。第四章从对荀子思想独特的致思框架的论析入手，通过与孔、孟儒家思想的比较，以及对《荀子》文本的梳理与考察，对荀子“分”思想进行了一个综述性的描绘，揭示了荀子“分”思想的基本面相。第五章讨论了荀子“分”思想的根据，认为荀子通过阐述其天人观确立了“分”思想的终极根据，通过阐述其人性观确立了“分”思想的人性根据，，通过阐述其名实观确立了“分”思想的理论根据。第六章分析了荀子关于“分”的意义的论述，认为荀子通过讨论“群”这个概念，揭示了“分”的社会意义；通过讨论“治”这个概念，揭示了“分”的政治意义。第七章分析了荀子关于“分”的厘定的论述。荀子认为圣人和圣王是定分的主体，应该遵循等差有别原则、论德量能原则和统合整一原则，采取礼法并重、隆礼重法的方式来厘定社会成员的职分。第八章分析了荀子关于“分”的遵守的论述。荀子认为包括君王在内的所有社会成员都应该按照一定的要求和标准来恪守各自的职分。对于那些僭越礼法，违背职分的行为，应该通过法律来施以强制矫正；对于那些持礼守分，尊法敬分的行为，则应该通过明定的庆赏手段加以鼓励和倡扬。第九部分包括三个内容：一是回应了一个可能的疑问，即“分”思想缘何只是在先秦时期昙花一现，而在秦汉以后的中国政治法律思想史上却逐渐趋于泯灭不彰？二是对“分”与源自西方法律文化的“权利”、“义务”概念进了比较，揭示了其同异；三是对荀子“分”思想的当代价值进行了分析，阐明了其当下意义。
[Abstract]:At present, there is no systematic study on Xunzi's thought of "Fen" in academic circles. This paper takes Xunzi's thought of "Fen" as the research theme, and tries to analyze, refine and explain the text. From the perspective of philosophy of law, this paper reveals the basic aspects and system composition of Xunzi's thought of "division", and clarifies its current significance. The full text is divided into nine parts. The first chapter focuses on the question of why and how to study Xunzi's thought of "division", and tries to clarify the two questions of "why study" and "how to study the thought of Xunzi". The second chapter first studies the etymology and meaning of "Fen", reveals the process of its change in form, and then makes an analysis of the meaning change of "Fen" as a category of philosophy of law. The third chapter analyzes the overall picture of the thought of "sub-division" in the pre-Qin period from the vertical and horizontal dimensions. From the longitudinal point of view, the thought of "sub-division" in the pre-Qin period has experienced the development process of gestation, initiation and prosperity. In a horizontal way, The thought of "division" of the pre-Qin philosophers can be divided into three types: "no distinction", "there is difference" and "non-distinction". This part of the discussion is intended to provide a three-dimensional ideological background for the overall study of Xun Zi's thought of "division". The fourth chapter begins with the analysis of Xunzi's unique frame of thought, through the comparison of Confucius and Mencius' Confucian thought, and combs and inspects the text of Xunzi, and describes Xunzi's idea of "division" in a comprehensive way. It reveals the basic aspects of Xunzi's thought of "division". The fifth chapter discusses the basis of Xunzi's thought of "division", and thinks that Xunzi has established the ultimate basis of the thought of "division" by expounding his view of nature and man, and has established the basis of human nature of his thought of "division" by expounding his view of human nature. By expounding its concept of name and reality, the theoretical basis of the idea of "division" is established. The sixth chapter analyzes Xunzi's exposition on the meaning of "division", thinks that Xunzi reveals the social significance of "division" by discussing the concept of "group", and reveals the political significance of "division" by discussing the concept of "governance". The seventh chapter analyzes Xunzi's argumentation on the determination of "division". Xunzi thinks that saints and sacred kings are the subjects of the determination of division, and should follow the principle of equality and difference, discuss the principle of virtue, measure ability and integration, and adopt the principle of propriety and law. To determine the duties of members of the community in a manner that reinforces the law. The eighth chapter analyzes Xunzi's exposition on the observance of "division". Xunzi believes that all members of society, including kings, should abide by their respective duties in accordance with certain requirements and standards. The law should be used to enforce the correction, and the behavior of honoring and honouring the law should be encouraged and promoted by the prescribed means of appreciation. The ninth part includes three contents: first, it responds to a possible question, that is, why the thought of "division" is only a flash in the pan in the pre-Qin period, but gradually tends to vanish in the history of Chinese political and legal thought after the Qin and Han dynasties? Second, it compares the concept of "right" and "obligation" from western legal culture, and reveals its similarities and differences; third, it analyzes the contemporary value of Xun Zi's thought of "division" and clarifies its current significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2

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