南非本土知识保护的立法研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 13:08

本文选题：南非　切入点：本土知识　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着本土知识(传统知识)的价值逐渐被认知、发掘以及充分利用,国际社会开始关注本土知识(传统知识)的保护问题,南非是其中对本土知识保护立法较为完善和先进的国家。南非将本土知识的保护分为狭义的本土知识、传统文化表达和与自然资源利用相关的本土知识三个部分来进行讨论,比较WIPO等国际组织对“传统知识”的界定,南非立法中“本土知识”的定义与WIPO等国际组织所提出的“传统知识”在内涵与外延上是大致相当的。一方面国际社会普遍呼吁对本土知识予以保护,另一方面南非国内因“生物盗窃”而遭受的损失也日益扩大。在这两方面的共同作用下,南非开始了保护国内本土知识的探索,成功出台了一系列保护本土知识的政策与法案：其于2004年先后颁布了《生物多样性法》和《本土知识体系政策》,2013年颁布了《知识产权法修正案》,2014年又颁布了《保护、推广、发展和管理本土知识体系法案》来对本土知识进行保护。这些文件与法案建立了完善的法律体系、制度体系与管理体系来保护南非的本土知识。南非根据《生物多样性法》建立了国家生物多样性机构,负责对生物遗传资源的保护进行监督与管理,制定了生物遗传资源的惠益共享原则和许可证制度。《本土知识体系政策》作为南非本土知识保护的纲领性文件,除了界定了本土知识的内涵与外延外,还做出了将本土知识纳入教育体系和建立本土知识研究基金来保护本土知识的决定。在随后制定的《保护、推广、发展和管理本土知识体系法案》中则详尽地规定了本土知识的保护与管理制度。《知识产权法修正案》则是根据本土知识的不同种类将其纳入到知识产权体系分别进行保护：在《表演者保护法》中对传统作品及传统文化表现形式的表演给予了保护；《版权法》则通过版权对传统作品进行保护；《商标法》则对传统的文字、表达和地理标志相关的本土知识提供保护；《外观设计法》对本土知识的保护则表现在保护传统的外观设计上。通过这一系列的立法活动,南非成功的实现了对本土知识较为完整、全面的保护,其在保护模式与制度建设等方面为我国传统知识保护的立法提供了有益借鉴。我国应该从制度建设、体系建设、管理建设等方面借鉴南非的成功经验,尽快制定与完善我国传统知识保护的立法,争取能够更加全面的保护我国的传统知识。
[Abstract]:As the value of indigenous knowledge (traditional knowledge) is gradually recognized, exploited and fully utilized, the international community has begun to pay attention to the protection of indigenous knowledge (traditional knowledge). South Africa is one of the countries with perfect and advanced legislation on the protection of indigenous knowledge. South Africa divides the protection of indigenous knowledge into three parts: narrow indigenous knowledge, traditional cultural expression and indigenous knowledge related to the utilization of natural resources. Comparing the definition of "traditional knowledge" in international organizations such as WIPO, The definition of "indigenous knowledge" in South African legislation is roughly equivalent to that of "traditional knowledge" proposed by international organizations such as WIPO. On the one hand, the international community generally calls for the protection of indigenous knowledge. On the other hand, the losses suffered in South Africa as a result of "bio-theft" are also increasing. Under the joint action of these two aspects, South Africa has begun to explore the protection of indigenous knowledge at home. A series of policies and bills for the protection of indigenous knowledge were successfully introduced: the Biodiversity Act and the Indigenous knowledge system Policy were promulgated in 2004, the intellectual property Law Amendment was promulgated in 2013, and the Protection, Promotion and Promotion Act was promulgated in 2014. The Act on the Development and Management of Native knowledge Systems to protect indigenous knowledge. These documents and acts have established a sound legal system. Institutional and regulatory systems to protect indigenous knowledge in South Africa. South Africa established the National Biodiversity Agency under the Biodiversity Act to oversee and manage the conservation of biological genetic resources. As a programmatic document for the protection of indigenous knowledge in South Africa, it not only defines the connotation and extension of indigenous knowledge, but also defines the connotation and extension of indigenous knowledge. Decisions have also been made to integrate indigenous knowledge into the education system and to establish indigenous knowledge research funds to protect indigenous knowledge. The Act on the Development and Management of Native knowledge Systems provides in detail the regime for the protection and management of indigenous knowledge. The Amendment to the intellectual property Law is to incorporate indigenous knowledge into the intellectual property system according to the different types of indigenous knowledge. Don't protect: traditional works and performances of traditional cultural expressions are protected in the performer Protection Act; copyright protects traditional works through copyright; Trademark Law protects traditional writing. The expression of indigenous knowledge related to geographical indications provides protection; the Protection of Native knowledge in the Design Act is manifested in the protection of traditional designs. South Africa has successfully realized a relatively complete and comprehensive protection of indigenous knowledge, which provides a useful reference for the legislation of the protection of traditional knowledge in China in the aspects of protection mode and system construction. From the successful experiences of South Africa, we should make and perfect the legislation on the protection of traditional knowledge in our country as soon as possible, and strive to protect our traditional knowledge in a more comprehensive way.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D947;DD913

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