美国文物借展扣押豁免问题研究及对中国影响

发布时间：2018-03-27 06:10

本文选题：文物借展扣押豁免　切入点：外国主权豁免法案　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在这个经济一体化的时代,人们的物质生活得到了极大的丰富和满足,从而对精神文化的需求也日渐增多。国家间的文物交流活动成为了人们满足精神文化需求的重要手段之一。因此,文物借展扣押豁免立法活动应运而生,逐渐走入国际法学者的视野之中。本文将以美国的外国主权豁免法案(FSIA)、扣押豁免法案(I.F.S.A.)以及外国文化交流豁免管辖条例(FCEJICA)三大文物借展司法免扣押法案为切入点,具体分析文物借展扣押豁免的条件、形式等等法律要素。并且从中提炼出立法可行性建议,供中国推进相关立法参考。剖析文物借展扣押豁免立法首先要明确的是文物借展的内涵。本文将从文物和文物借展的法律内涵入手,清晰界定二者的主体范围。其次本文将从借展主体和行为性质两个方面探讨文物借展扣押豁免与国家豁免的本质性区别。这一结论也是为推进我国相关立法提供参考性意见的重要环节。此外,美国三个具有代表性的法律文件在客观上是针对文物借展扣押豁免这一问题循序渐进的立法实践。本文针对三项文件的立法背景、立法程序以及法案内容做出了细致严谨的研究。本文得出,文物借展扣押豁免立法须得对文物的公益性、合法性、文物借展主体的国家性,文物借展活动的无偿性进行严格规定,并且严格规范文物借展的信息审查环节。在对于我国立法现状和文物借展活动的现状调查中,不光要明确对外借展的活动情况,也要明确两岸文物借展活动现状,从历史演变的视角,得出我国借展活动趋于频繁以及借展活动存在障碍的法律原因。在明确了法律要素之后,再根据从美国立法文件中提炼出的立法框架,比照我国现实状况,为我国推进相关立法提供实质性建议。
[Abstract]:In this era of economic integration, people's material lives have been greatly enriched and satisfied. As a result, the demand for spiritual culture is increasing day by day. The exchange of cultural relics between countries has become one of the important means for people to meet the needs of spiritual culture. Gradually entering the field of view of the scholars of international law. This article will take the three major cultural relics of the United States, I. F.S.A., I. F.S.A., and FCEJICA, as a starting point for judicial exemption from seizure through the exhibition of foreign cultural exchanges. Concretely analyzing the conditions, forms, and other legal elements of the exemption from seizure of cultural relics through exhibition, and abstracting legislative feasibility suggestions from them. For China to promote the relevant legislation for reference. Analysis of cultural relics through the exhibition of seizure exemption legislation must be clear first of all is the connotation of cultural relics loan exhibition. This article will start with the legal connotation of cultural relics and cultural relics borrowing exhibition. Secondly, this paper will discuss the essential difference between the immunity of seizure of cultural relics and the immunity of the state from two aspects: the subject of borrowing exhibition and the nature of behavior. This conclusion is also provided for the promotion of the relevant legislation of our country. An important link in a reference opinion. In addition, The three representative legal documents of the United States objectively aim at the gradual legislative practice of exemption from seizure of cultural relics. This paper aims at the legislative background of the three documents. The legislative procedure and the content of the bill have made a careful and rigorous study. This paper draws the conclusion that the legislation on exemption from seizure of cultural relics through exhibition must have public welfare, legality, and the national character of the subject of cultural relics borrowing exhibition. The free nature of cultural relics borrowing and exhibition activities is strictly regulated, and the information examination links of cultural relics borrowing exhibitions are strictly standardized. In the investigation of the current situation of legislation and cultural relics borrowing activities in China, we should not only make clear the activities of borrowing and exhibition activities, It is also necessary to clarify the current situation of cultural relics borrowing and exhibition activities on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and from the perspective of historical evolution, to find out the legal reasons for the frequent lending activities and the obstacles to borrowing and exhibition activities in China. After defining the legal elements, According to the legislative framework extracted from the United States legislative documents, and in accordance with the actual situation of our country, it provides substantive suggestions for our country to advance the relevant legislation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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