我国老年人监护评价机构的构建——基于美国的经验与启示

发布时间：2018-04-02 19:34

本文选题：老龄化　切入点：老年人监护　出处：《四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)》2016年03期

【摘要】：老年人监护制度是我国应对老龄化挑战的手段之一。高龄独居、患有慢性病和失能的老年人发生悲剧事件的现象已经屡见不鲜,老年人监护制度能够在一定程度上防止类似事件的发生。许多老年人存在被监护的需求,但是并不符合现有法律规定的被监护的条件而不能得到监护。我国立法规定,除老年人的意定监护外,只有患有精神病的老年人是受监护法律保护的,并且涵盖在精神病患者监护立法中,适用精神病患者监护立法的规定。在实践中,精神病鉴定存在不足之处,如鉴定机构的业务范围不能涵盖老年人监护评价的需求、鉴定机构设置不统一、鉴定人员资质未统一、鉴定程序不完善。基于美国的经验与启示,构建我国老年人监护评价机构可以由受理与审查部门、评定部门完成,并配套相应的经费:居民或村民委员会是我国基层群众性自治组织,其作为老年人监护评价机构的受理与审查部门是不二的路径选择;我国可以在律师协会之中设立老年人法律委员会,在心理学会中设立老年人心理委员会;老年人法律委员会成员、老年人心理委员会成员与精神病鉴定人员组成评定队伍,评定部门的运行由当地的老龄办协调各组成单位完成。
[Abstract]:The system of guardianship of the elderly is one of the means to deal with the challenge of aging in our country.It is not uncommon for the elderly who live alone and suffer from chronic diseases and disability to have tragic events, and the guardianship system for the elderly can prevent the occurrence of similar events to a certain extent.Many older people have a need for guardianship, but do not meet the existing legal conditions for guardianship.According to the legislation of our country, only the elderly suffering from mental illness are protected by guardianship law, and they are covered in the legislation of guardianship of mental patients, which is applicable to the regulation of guardianship of mental patients.In practice, there are shortcomings in psychiatric appraisal, such as the scope of the appraisal institution can not cover the needs of the elderly guardianship evaluation, the establishment of the appraisal institution is not uniform, the qualification of the appraiser is not uniform, and the appraisal procedure is not perfect.Based on the experience and inspiration of the United States, the establishment of the elderly guardianship and evaluation organization in China can be completed by the acceptance and examination department, the evaluation department and the corresponding funds: the residents or villagers' committee is the grass-roots mass autonomous organization in our country.It is a necessary path choice for the department of accepting and examining as the institution of the guardianship evaluation of the elderly, the law committee for the elderly can be set up in the bar association, the psychological committee for the elderly can be set up in the psychological society in our country;The members of the legal Committee for the elderly, the members of the Psychological Committee for the elderly and the psychiatrists formed the assessment team, and the operation of the evaluation department was completed by the local aging office coordinating the various constituent units.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(13YJA820067)
【分类号】：D669.6;D923.8;D971.2

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