美国环境公民诉讼律师费转移规则研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 03:28

本文选题：公民诉讼　切入点：律师费转移规则　出处：《上海交通大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公民诉讼制度是美国环境法律得以有效实施的关键因素。而“律师费转移规则”则是保障该制度有效运行的重要“激励机制”。它鼓励普通民众、环保团体等主体提起诉讼,为“环境公益”作漫长、艰苦的斗争。环境公民诉讼“律师费转移规则”的核心内容是法定的“律师费转移条款”。即国会通过立法,授权法院在其认为“合适”的情形下,突破律师费各自负担的“美国规则”,判决由一方当事人承担对方当事人的律师费。由于该法定规则具有极强的模糊性,法院只能在司法实践中不断摸索、探究律师费判决的“合适”标准。目前,就原、被告获赔律师费的基本条件,已经形成了通用的司法规则。原告获赔律师费的主要条件有二;一是获得“某些实质性的胜利”,二是促进了公共利益。被告获赔律师费的条件更为苛刻,须遵循“克里斯蒂安伯格”标准。此外,尚有一些规则处于发展之中。如,“经济自利动机”是否构成原告获赔律师费的阻碍;“催化剂理论”是否继续有效,等。 “律师费转移规则”同样可以作为“中国环境公民诉讼制度”的“激励机制”。为此,需要合理地设计“律师费转移条款”。首先,它应主要服务于“激励”公众、律师投身环境公民诉讼的核心目的;其次,保留其“抑制”滥诉的特殊功能;再次,条款的设置须明细化,以期实现实质性的引导功能。
[Abstract]:The civil litigation system is a key factor for the effective implementation of environmental law in the United States.The transfer rules of legal fees is an important incentive mechanism to ensure the effective operation of the system.It encourages the general public, environmental groups and other subjects to file lawsuits for the "environmental good" for a long and arduous struggle.The core content of Environmental Citizen Litigation is the legal transfer Clause.That is, Congress passed legislation to authorize the court to break through the "United States rules" on lawyers' fees when they think it is "appropriate", and to decide that one party shall bear the legal fees of the other party.Due to the strong fuzziness of the statutory rule, the court can only explore the "appropriate" standard in the judicial practice.At present, the basic conditions for the defendant to be compensated for attorney's fees have formed a common judicial rule.There are two main conditions for the plaintiff to obtain indemnification, one is to obtain "some substantial victory", the other is to promote the public interest.The defendant was awarded a more stringent fee and was subject to Christian Berg criteria.In addition, there are still some rules in the process of development.For example, whether the "economic self-interest motive" constitutes an obstacle to the plaintiff's compensation lawyer's fee, whether the "catalyst theory" continues to be valid, and so on.The legal fee transfer rules can also be used as an incentive mechanism for China's Environmental Citizen Litigation system.Therefore, it is necessary to design the legal fee transfer clause reasonably.First, it should mainly serve the core purpose of "encouraging" the public and lawyers to engage in environmental citizen litigation; secondly, it should retain its special function of "restraining" excessive litigation; thirdly, the setting of articles should be specified in order to realize the substantive guiding function.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD915

【引证文献】