清代法律公布制度的局限与革新

发布时间：2018-04-03 04:00

本文选题：清代　切入点：法律公布　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律能够公开、及时、通畅地公布,是法律得以贯彻实施的前提。了解清代的法律公布制度,可以了解清代的法律在多大程度上为官吏和民众所知晓,从而了解法律被遵守的这一前提是否完备。本文考查了清代会典、刑律、条例、则例和通行这几种法律形式的公布方式,指出了这些法律形式公布制度各自的特色以及存在的问题。在介绍法律形式的过程中,笔者注意到了清代法律公布制度与书吏舞弊问题之间的关系,进而提出,清代的书吏舞弊问题并不像清人所认为的那样,主要由例案的繁多导致,而是因为法律公布制度存在的缺陷所致,即最主要的法律形式“通行”不够公开。本文共分为四章。第一章介绍了清代制定法对于官员了解法律的制度性要求,以及激励民众了解法律的方法和向民众普法的方式。该章的目的在于向读者揭示,清代理想图景中官员和民众对法律的理解程度是怎样的,于是可以借此评价之后提到的实际的法律公布情况。第二章介绍了清代会典、律例(条例)和则例的公布制度。典、律、例这三种法律形式都需要编纂,传统上也都被认为是清代主要的法律形式。笔者介绍了这几种法律形式各自的功用,以及编纂和刊刻制度对它们公布的限制。第三章介绍了清代“通行”的公布制度。“通行”在传统研究并不与上述几种法律形式并列。不过,“通行”在清代确实是可以被援引的法律形式。笔者在该章中介绍了它的功用和性质,并且认为它是清代最活跃的法律形式。但是由于“通行”的非公开性,使得它成了贯穿清代的书吏舞弊问题之主因。笔者在该章中揭示了清代法律公布制度相比近代西方国家所缺乏的特质——公开性。第四章介绍了清代法律公布制度在列强影响下和预备立宪时期的两次革新。这两次革新标志了清政府在法律公布制度方面,尤其是公开性上,向近代西方国家靠拢的趋势。
[Abstract]:The law can be made public, timely and unobstructed, which is the prerequisite for the implementation of the law.To understand the system of legal publication in Qing Dynasty, we can know to what extent the laws of Qing Dynasty were known by officials and the public, so as to know whether the premise that the law was observed was complete.This paper examines the publishing methods of the Qing Dynasty convention, criminal law, regulations, rules and regulations, and points out the respective characteristics and existing problems of these legal forms.In the course of introducing the legal form, the author noticed the relationship between the legal publication system in Qing Dynasty and the fraud problem of the scribes, and then put forward that the fraud of the scribes in the Qing Dynasty was not mainly caused by the numerous cases, as the Qing people thought.But because of the defects of the legal publication system, that is, the most important form of law, "pass" is not open.This paper is divided into four chapters.The first chapter introduces the system requirement of making law in Qing Dynasty to the officials, and the method of encouraging people to understand the law and the way of popularizing the law.The purpose of this chapter is to reveal to readers how well the officials and the public understand the law in the ideal picture of the Qing Dynasty, so that it can be used to evaluate the actual publication of the law.The second chapter introduces the publishing system of Qing Dynasty convention, statutes (regulations) and rules of law.These three forms of law need to be codified and are traditionally regarded as the main forms of law in the Qing Dynasty.The author introduces the respective functions of these legal forms, as well as the limitations of the compilation and publishing system on their publication.The third chapter introduces the publishing system of "pass" in Qing Dynasty."pass" in the traditional study is not parallel with the above several forms of law.However, passageway was indeed a legal form that could be invoked in the Qing Dynasty.In this chapter, the author introduces its function and nature, and considers it to be the most active legal form in Qing Dynasty.However, due to the non-publicity of "pass", it became the main cause of the fraud of scribes throughout the Qing Dynasty.In this chapter, the author reveals that the Qing Dynasty law publication system is lack of openness compared with modern western countries.The fourth chapter introduces the two innovations of the Qing Dynasty law publication system under the influence of the great powers and the preparatory constitutional period.These two innovations marked the trend of the Qing government towards the western countries in the aspect of law publication system, especially openness.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D926

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