特赦制度的法理学研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 15:16

本文选题：特赦制度　切入点：宪政　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：特赦制度历经时代的变迁幸存至今，足以显示其存在的价值性和合理性。特赦制度作为古代帝王的一项特权，是君主权力的象征。在现代法治社会，特赦制度已被世界上多数国家以立法方式确定下来，为了政治方面的或矫正个案非正义的需要，由国家元首或专门的赦免机构作出的，对相对特定的单个犯罪人或犯有某一类罪行的多个犯罪人所实施的，具有全部或部分免除其刑罚执行效果的制度。时至今日，特赦制度在我国已被尘封多年，本文通过对特赦制度的历史沿革、特赦实践、法理依据、适用原则等方面的阐述和分析，提出特赦制度个案启动的适用原则，并对现行有关法律加以修正和补充的建议，希望国家和社会能正视特赦制度的独特价值和应有价值。本文除了引言、结语外，包括四大部分。第一部分，主要通过对媒体热论的“牛玉强案件”加以分析，指出牛玉强案在判决和执行过程中存在的不公正问题，这种不公正在现有制度救济体制下是得不到解决的，笔者认为，可以考虑通过对牛玉强予以特赦的办法来解决法律的修改所产生的个案的不公正问题。第二部分，通过对古今中外特赦制度实践的比较与分析，得出特赦制度所体现的独特价值及其法理依据，即特赦制度在不同的历史时期，在不同的政治情势下，其所彰显的价值功能是不同的。第三部分，通过对当代中国语境下特赦制度正当性的法理依据分析，阐述特赦制度的本质即是基于宽容而对犯罪人作出的免除其刑罚执行的制度，特赦制度是一种宽容化的制度形态。其次，特赦制度的存在与当今法治社会所倡导的人权、宪政、自由、法治等价值理念有紧密的联系，特赦制度是对现代法治体系下人权的保障，，是对司法权的制约，是对现行法治不足的有效补充。第四部分，针对我国目前对特赦制度的立法与适用方面存在的问题加以分析，明确特赦制度个案启动的适用原则，提出有必要对现今有关特赦制度的相关立法加以补充与完善，更好地实现社会正义。
[Abstract]:The amnesty system has survived the changes of the times, which shows the value and rationality of its existence.As a privilege of ancient emperors, amnesty system is the symbol of monarchy.In a modern society governed by the rule of law, the amnesty system has been established by legislation in most countries of the world, made by the head of State or a specialized amnesty body for the sake of politics or the need to redress the injustice of individual cases.A system that is relatively specific to a single offender or more than one of the perpetrators of a certain type of crime and has the effect of exempting in whole or in part the execution of the penalty.Today, the amnesty system has been dusty in our country for many years. This paper, through expounding and analyzing the history, practice, legal basis and applicable principle of the amnesty system, puts forward the applicable principles for the initiation of the amnesty system in individual cases.It is hoped that the state and society will face up to the unique value and due value of the amnesty system.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes four parts.In the first part, through the analysis of Niu Yuqiang case, the author points out that the unjust problem in the judgment and execution of Niu Yuqiang case can not be solved under the existing system relief system.The author thinks that we can solve the problem of injustice caused by the amendment of the law by granting amnesty to Niu Yuqiang.The second part, through the comparison and analysis of the practice of amnesty system in ancient and modern China and abroad, draws the unique value and legal basis of amnesty system, that is, amnesty system in different historical periods, under different political circumstances.Its value function is different.The third part, by analyzing the legal basis of the legitimacy of amnesty system in contemporary Chinese context, expounds that the essence of amnesty system is the system of exempting the criminal from the execution of punishment based on tolerance.The amnesty system is a tolerant system form.Secondly, the existence of amnesty system is closely related to the values of human rights, constitutionalism, freedom and rule of law advocated by the society of rule of law. The amnesty system is the guarantee of human rights under the modern legal system and the restriction of judicial power.It is an effective supplement to the current rule of law.In the fourth part, according to the problems existing in the legislation and application of the amnesty system in our country, the author makes clear the applicable principles of the amnesty system, and points out that it is necessary to supplement and perfect the relevant legislation on the amnesty system.Better achieve social justice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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