儒家思想影响下的唐代赦免制度

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:01

本文选题：儒家思想　切入点：唐代　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：赦免制度的产生有着极其深远的历史根源，商周时期赦免初步形成，经过历代的发展，赦免制度到了唐朝逐渐成熟，形成一项完备的政治法律制度，唐朝的历代皇帝吸取前朝国家灭亡的教训，重视赦免的作用，并且善于利用赦免制度来维护唐的统治，赦免是古代统治者向百姓施恩布德，展示仁德的主要方式之一。赦免在维护社会的稳定方面所产生的作用也是不容小觑的，在国家遭受外侵和内乱的战争时，，赦免的颁布有助于战争的平息和矛盾的缓解；在发生自然灾害时，赦免的颁布有助于劳动力的增加和劳动人民负担的减轻，促进了农业的发展和社会经济的发展；赦免的颁布还有助于对人才的笼络和巩固国家的统治。当然赦免也不是完全不受限制的，当罪囚触犯的法律危害到统治者的统治和有颠覆社会伦理宗法的危险时，赦免制度就将其排除在外了，例如唐律中所规定的“十恶五逆不赦”和“常赦所不原”，当然这也是与赦免维护等级制度和伦理宗法的目的相一致的。经过历代的发展和补充，到了唐朝赦免制度出现了根本性的变化，其涵盖的范围也从单纯的法律领域延伸到社会政治、经济文化领域，不仅包含了对犯罪后刑罚处罚的减轻和赦免，也增加了对百姓赋税和债务的免除以及对官员和军队的奖赏。唐朝在我国古代的发展历史上占据着很重要的地位，是的古代等级社会发展的巅峰，在这个时期唐朝的法律和文化制度都对后世和其他国家产生了一些深远的影响，《唐律》的颁布更是中华法系走向成熟的标志，唐朝的赦免制度更是在法制相对完善的唐朝得到空前的发展，但是不管唐代的赦免制度如何发展和完善，他都只是统治阶级维护统治的工具。本文的文章结构分为四部分，第一部分是对赦免制度的概述，包括对赦免的含义的概括、对赦免条件的例举和对赦免发展演变的概述，是对赦免制度的初步介绍。第二部分是本文的重点，通过把唐朝的赦免制度与儒家传统的思想相结合来介绍唐代赦免制度的特点，这个部分主要是从儒家的经典学说阴阳论、恤刑说、儒家礼教思想和赦过举贤思想入手探析唐代赦免制度出现这些特点的原因，这部分内容也是整篇文章的重心和创新之处。第三部分是唐代赦免制度所产生的影响，不仅包括对唐后宋元明清等朝代的影响，也包括对同时代东亚其他国家的影响，本段所写的唐代赦免制度对其他朝代和国家的影响是通过《唐律》对其他朝代和国家律令的影响实现的。第四部分也就是本文最后一部分是对唐代赦免制度的评价，唐代的赦免制度同历代的赦免制度相同，既有缓和矛盾、促进社会发展的积极作用，又有阻碍法制发展、不利犯罪肃清的消极作用。唐代的赦免制度对我国现行刑法典的制定和修改也有很大的影响作用，刑法修正案（八）里对恤刑慎罚的体现和对特殊群体年过七十五周岁的老人和未成年人不适用死刑的规定，就符合唐律慎罚恤刑的立法原则和《唐律》针对特殊人群制定的赦免规定。
[Abstract]:The pardon system has a profound historical origin, the Shang and Zhou dynasties formed through ages of pardon, the pardon system of Tang Dynasty, to gradually mature, forming a complete system of politics and law, the Tang Dynasty emperors before the fall of the country draw lessons, as amnesty, and good use of the pardon system to maintain the Tang dynasty rule, the rulers of ancient people to forgive is grace Budde, one of the main ways to show Rende. Pardon in which to maintain the stability of social role should not be underestimated, the country suffered foreign invasion and civil strife, Amnesty issued to help quell the war and conflict mitigation in nature; disaster, reduce pardon issued contributes to the increase of labor force and the burden of working people, promote the development of agriculture and social economy; the promulgation of forgiveness and help To win intellectuals and consolidate national rule. Of course forgiveness is not completely unrestricted, when dangerous criminals break the law which is harmful to the rulers and to subvert the patriarchal social ethics, the pardon system will be excluded, such as stipulated in the law of Tang Dynasty "unforgivable crimes unforgivable" and "the original" common pardon and amnesty which is the hierarchy and patriarchal ethical purposes consistent. Through the development and supplement of history, the pardon system of Tang Dynasty changed fundamentally, its scope is extended from the pure law area to social political, economic and cultural fields, not only contains to reduce the punishment and forgiveness of sin, also increased the taxes and debt exemption to the people and to reward officials and army. The Tang Dynasty in the history of ancient China occupies a very important position, is The ancient hierarchical social development peak, in this period of the Tang Dynasty legal and cultural system of later generations and other countries have some profound influence, "Tang > promulgation of Chinese legal system is the sign of the maturity of the Tang Dynasty, the pardon system is unprecedented in the development of relatively complete legal system of the Tang Dynasty, but regardless of the Tang Dynasty the pardon system is how to develop and perfect, he is the ruling class to maintain rule tool.
This article is divided into four parts, the first part is an overview of the pardon system, including the meaning of pardon summary of pardon conditions and examples of the pardon evolution is outlined, the initial introduction of pardon system. The second part is the focus of this article, the pardon system of Tang Dynasty and the Confucian tradition the combination of the characteristics of the pardon system of Tang Dynasty, this part is mainly from the classical theory of yin and Yang and the Confucian theory, punishment, Confucian ethics and forgiven virtuous ideas of the pardon system of Tang Dynasty these characteristics cause, this part of the contents of this part is the focus and innovation. The third part is the influence of the pardon system of Tang Dynasty produced, including not only the influence of the Tang Dynasty of Ming and Qing Dynasties, including the influence of the same age in other countries of East Asia, this paragraph written by the pardon system on the other Influence of Dynasty and the country is to realize the influence on other dynasties and the national law by < > Tang. The fourth part is the last part of this paper is to evaluate the pardon system of Tang Dynasty, with the history of the pardon system of pardon system of Tang Dynasty, not only ease the contradiction, a positive role in promoting social development, and hinder the legal system the development of the negative effects of negative crime eliminated.
Has a great influence on the formulation and revision of China's current criminal code of the pardon system of Tang Dynasty, the criminal law amendment (eight) in the T-shirt use penalty embodies and provisions for over seventy-five years old and minors do not apply the death penalty of the special groups, consistent with the legislative principles and the < > Tang Shen the penalty penalty for special groups to develop amnesty provisions.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D924.1

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