试论地方立法中的利益博弈

发布时间：2018-04-05 17:03

本文选题：地方立法　切入点：公权力　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着市场经济的发展,利益的多元性在市场经济的发展过程中得以释放,对于利益主体多元化的培育,促进了社会分层化和利益多元化格局的形成；与此同时,社会进步过程中,政治文明的发展,也带来了社会的法治化与民主化。在经济多元化与社会发展民主法治化这两种背景之下,我国的社会利益博弈机制也发生了很大的变化。在计划经济时代和改革开放之初,依靠政策指导社会发展,通过政策博弈来进行社会利益分配的方式已经不能适应社会发展的需要。在新的历史背景下,以法律关系为基础,通过法律层面的博弈来维护利益格局的方式就应运而生。这种博弈方式的转变,无论是在地方立法层面还是在国家立法层面都有很好的体现,而本文主要就是对地方立法中的利益博弈进行分析。本文论述主要分成了以下三个部分：第一个部分主要是提出问题和对与地方立法利益博弈密切相关的一些概念进行界定。通过分析社会博弈方式的转变,得出了立法利益博弈在我国社会发展过程中的必然性；其次对利益与法的关系和利益博弈进行了界定,通过梳理利益法学派的相关观点,得出了利益与法的关系是决定与反作用的关系；同时对于利益博弈的肯定,进一步指明了利益博弈对于社会法治发展的重要性；最后,还对地方立法的内涵和特点进行了进一步的细化。第二个部分主要是对地方立法中的利益博弈的类型、原因及问题进行了分析。以利益与权力(利)对应关系为基础推导出了利益博弈的具体类型,其主要分为公权力与私权利、公权力与公权力、私权利与私权利之间的三种利益博弈类型。其次对于利益博弈的产生的原因从主观与客观两方面进行了分析,认为市场经济多元化和宽松的法律环境为其产生的客观原因,而各利益主体的利益法律保护意识增强为其主观原因。最后对于地方立法中利益博弈存在的问题,主要是从公众的参与度、商谈制度和利益失衡三个角度来论述。第三个部分提出了平衡地方立法中利益的原则及措施。因为利益的平衡必然会涉及到利益的取舍,因此借鉴了民法中的“利益衡量”原则,提出了在利益平衡的过程中要遵循利益主体的平等性原则、利益本身的合理性原则、利益平衡的科学性原则。最后本文还对利益博弈过程中存在问题提出了相应的完善措施。综合看来,地方立法中的利益博弈的产生和发展不是偶然的,其有着一些必然的社会和历史因素。从博弈本身的定性来看,立法中的利益博弈促进了公众参与,使得社会分配从源头输入了民主和公正,这种博弈的常态化和规范化,无疑将极大地促进我国法治化与民主化的进步。但是,与此同时,我们还需要正视地方立法中利益博弈机制存在的缺陷,不断对其缺陷进行完善,只有这样,公正合理的利益分配格局才能在利益博弈机制的引导下实现。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, the diversity of interests can be released in the course of the development of market economy.In the process of social progress, the development of political civilization has also brought about the rule of law and democratization of society.Under the background of economic pluralism and democratic rule of law in social development, the game mechanism of social interests in our country has also undergone great changes.In the era of planned economy and the beginning of reform and opening up, depending on the policy to guide social development, the distribution of social benefits through policy games has not been able to meet the needs of social development.In the new historical background, on the basis of legal relationship, the way of safeguarding the pattern of interests through the game of law level arises at the historic moment.The transformation of this game mode is well reflected in both local legislation and national legislation, and this paper mainly analyzes the benefit game in local legislation.This paper is divided into the following three parts:The first part is to put forward questions and define some concepts closely related to the game of local legislative interests.Through the analysis of the transformation of the social game mode, the inevitability of the legislative interest game in the process of social development of our country is obtained. Secondly, the relationship between interest and law and the interest game are defined, and the relevant viewpoints of the interest law school are combed out.It is concluded that the relationship between interest and law is the relationship between decision and reaction; at the same time, the affirmation of interest game further points out the importance of interest game for the development of social rule of law; finally,The connotation and characteristics of local legislation are further refined.The second part mainly analyzes the types, reasons and problems of interest game in local legislation.Based on the corresponding relationship between interest and power, the paper deduces the specific types of interest game, which is divided into three types: public power and private right, public power and public power, private right and private right.Secondly, the author analyzes the reasons of interest game from the subjective and objective aspects, and thinks that the diversification of market economy and the loose legal environment are the objective reasons for the emergence of the game.And the interest legal protection consciousness of each interest main body strengthens for its subjective reason.Finally, the problems of interest game in local legislation are discussed from three angles: public participation, negotiation system and interest imbalance.The third part puts forward the principles and measures to balance the interests in local legislation.Because the balance of interests is bound to involve the trade-off of interests, the principle of "interest measurement" in the civil law is used for reference, and the principle of equality of the subject of interest and the principle of rationality of the interest itself are put forward in the process of balancing the interests.The scientific principle of balance of interests.Finally, the paper puts forward the corresponding improvement measures to the problems existing in the process of interest game.To sum up, the emergence and development of interest game in local legislation is not accidental, it has some inevitable social and historical factors.From the qualitative analysis of the game itself, the benefit game in the legislation promotes public participation and makes the social distribution input democracy and justice from the source.Undoubtedly, it will greatly promote the progress of our country's rule of law and democratization.However, at the same time, we also need to face up to the defects of interest game mechanism in local legislation and constantly improve its defects. Only in this way, the fair and reasonable distribution pattern of interests can be realized under the guidance of interest game mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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