试论“春秋决狱”对皇权集权化的平衡

发布时间：2018-04-08 23:29

本文选题：春秋决狱　切入点：儒家经义　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“春秋决狱”或称“春秋断狱”,亦有学者考证将之称为“引经决狱”,是指在具体司法实践当中援引《春秋》等儒家经典的精神原则或者是事例来作为对犯罪行为人定罪量刑的判案依据,凭借儒家经典中的“微言大义”来处理政治、司法生活。全文首先从“春秋决狱”相关定义出发,分析了“春秋决狱”所产生的社会历史背景、政治经济等方面的原因;其次以董仲舒“春秋决狱”的六个案例佚文为史实基础,对此进行了整理和归纳,深入分析并总结了“春秋决狱”所体现出来的“亲亲相隐”、“原心定罪”、“重惩首恶”等司法审判原则。文章的重点放在论述了“春秋决狱”对皇权集权化的平衡上,从“春秋决狱”对皇权的维护和制约两个方面进行阐述和论证。一方面,“春秋决狱”以所体现出的君臣之义等如儒家礼法观念为皇权维护的出发点,强调了君主、皇权至高无上的地位,分析传世的关于“春秋决狱”中皇权维护的判例,深入挖掘其体现出来的封建伦理道德和儒家经义。另一方面,则又通过儒家经义倡导的“天道”论;“天人感应”学说;“灾异谴告”约束皇帝,进而对皇权的合法性提出质疑和挑战;同时以“春秋决狱”和提升儒生官僚地位来制衡和约束皇权的无限膨胀,屈君而伸天,避免因为皇权的过分扩张和残暴,最终危害封建统治秩序。最后,本文简单评价了“春秋决狱”在皇权集权化平衡方面的历史影响,尽管历史上对于“春秋决狱”持否定态度的学者居多,但是作为一种独特的司法形态,“春秋决狱”仍时有许多积极方面值得借鉴和学习的,因此应对其影响一分为二的看待。特别是在皇权制约上,不论最终的结果如何,“春秋决狱”在一定程度上是起到了积极作用的,而且封建君主专制王朝要得到良性的发展和长久的统治,是需要这种制约的,并最终达到维护封建社会秩序之目的。
[Abstract]:"the Spring and Autumn period decision" or "the Spring and Autumn period break prison", also some scholars textual research called it "lead the classics to decide the prison",It refers to invoking the spiritual principles or examples of Confucian classics such as "Spring and Autumn" in the specific judicial practice as the basis for the conviction and sentencing of the perpetrators, and dealing with politics and judicial life by virtue of the "small words of justice" in the Confucian classics.The full text starts from the relevant definition of "Chunqiu prison", analyzes the social and historical background, political and economic reasons of "Chunqiu prison", and then takes six cases of Dong Zhongshu's "Chunqiu prison" as the historical basis.This paper analyzes and summarizes the principles of judicial trial, such as "close relatives hidden", "original conviction", "punishing the first evil" and so on.The article focuses on the balance of the centralization of imperial power in Chunqiu Jail, and expounds and demonstrates the protection and restriction of imperial power in Chunqiu Jail.On the one hand, on the one hand, "Chunqiu Jail" regards the justice of monarch and minister as the starting point of imperial power maintenance, emphasizes the supreme position of monarch and imperial power, and analyzes the precedents on the maintenance of imperial power in "Chunqiu Jail".The feudal ethics and Confucian classics embodied in them are deeply excavated.On the other hand, the theory of "the Tao of Heaven" advocated by Confucian classics, the theory of "the induction of Heaven and Man", the theory of "different condemnation of disasters" bound the emperor, and then questioned and challenged the legitimacy of the imperial power.At the same time, the unlimited expansion of imperial power was checked and restrained by "the decision of prison in the Spring and Autumn period" and the promotion of the bureaucratic status of Confucian students, so as to avoid the excessive expansion and brutality of imperial power and the ultimate harm to the feudal ruling order.Finally, this paper briefly evaluates the historical influence of the "Chunqiu Jail" on the balance of the centralization of imperial power. Although most scholars hold a negative attitude towards the "Chunqiu Prison" in history, it is a unique judicial form.There are still many positive aspects to learn from, so the influence should be divided into two aspects.In particular, on the restriction of imperial power, regardless of the final result, the "Spring and Autumn period" has played a positive role to a certain extent, and the feudal autocratic monarchy needs this kind of restriction if it is to have a benign development and long-term rule.And finally achieve the goal of maintaining feudal social order.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929

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